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Colfax Corporation: Designing a Middle East Oil and Gas Distribution System Net Present Value (NPV) / MBA Resources

Introduction to Net Present Value (NPV) - What is Net Present Value (NPV) ? How it impacts financial decisions regarding project management?

NPV solution for Colfax Corporation: Designing a Middle East Oil and Gas Distribution System case study


At Oak Spring University, we provide corporate level professional Net Present Value (NPV) case study solution. Colfax Corporation: Designing a Middle East Oil and Gas Distribution System case study is a Harvard Business School (HBR) case study written by Richard E. Wilson. The Colfax Corporation: Designing a Middle East Oil and Gas Distribution System (referred as “Colfax Designing” from here on) case study provides evaluation & decision scenario in field of Organizational Development. It also touches upon business topics such as - Value proposition, International business, Manufacturing, Marketing.

The net present value (NPV) of an investment proposal is the present value of the proposal’s net cash flows less the proposal’s initial cash outflow. If a project’s NPV is greater than or equal to zero, the project should be accepted.

NPV = Present Value of Future Cash Flows LESS Project’s Initial Investment






Case Description of Colfax Corporation: Designing a Middle East Oil and Gas Distribution System Case Study


Colfax Corporation was a young, privately held collection of pump-manufacturing companies from the United States and Europe. Intending to go public, it was eager to find a story for investors of how it could grow at rates faster than its subsidiaries had historically grown in their home regions and core-customer industrial markets. This case describes a singular new-growth opportunity: selling Colfax solutions into state-owned petroleum enterprises in the Middle East at a time when these producers were straining to add capacity. Designing the optimal marketing system required Colfax to weigh a complex of issues, including global resource allocation and deployment, a process for customer-relationship building, and estimates for revenue streams versus investment outlays. The design process was, in short, far more than "sticking sales rep pins in the map." Case readers are asked to think along with the Colfax global management team in deciding, "How much can we afford to risk our current income model in order to build new capacity in a new region in a new way?"


Case Authors : Richard E. Wilson

Topic : Organizational Development

Related Areas : International business, Manufacturing, Marketing




Calculating Net Present Value (NPV) at 6% for Colfax Corporation: Designing a Middle East Oil and Gas Distribution System Case Study


Years              Cash Flow     Net Cash Flow     Cumulative    
Cash Flow
Discount Rate
@ 6 %
Discounted
Cash Flows
Year 0 (10017123) -10017123 - -
Year 1 3470131 -6546992 3470131 0.9434 3273708
Year 2 3979211 -2567781 7449342 0.89 3541484
Year 3 3970893 1403112 11420235 0.8396 3334038
Year 4 3247005 4650117 14667240 0.7921 2571932
TOTAL 14667240 12721163




The Net Present Value at 6% discount rate is 2704040

In isolation the NPV number doesn't mean much but put in right context then it is one of the best method to evaluate project returns. In this article we will cover -

Different methods of capital budgeting


What is NPV & Formula of NPV,
How it is calculated,
How to use NPV number for project evaluation, and
Scenario Planning given risks and management priorities.




Capital Budgeting Approaches

Methods of Capital Budgeting


There are four types of capital budgeting techniques that are widely used in the corporate world –

1. Payback Period
2. Net Present Value
3. Internal Rate of Return
4. Profitability Index

Apart from the Payback period method which is an additive method, rest of the methods are based on Discounted Cash Flow technique. Even though cash flow can be calculated based on the nature of the project, for the simplicity of the article we are assuming that all the expected cash flows are realized at the end of the year.

Discounted Cash Flow approaches provide a more objective basis for evaluating and selecting investment projects. They take into consideration both –

1. Timing of the expected cash flows – stockholders of Colfax Designing have higher preference for cash returns over 4-5 years rather than 10-15 years given the nature of the volatility in the industry.
2. Magnitude of both incoming and outgoing cash flows – Projects can be capital intensive, time intensive, or both. Colfax Designing shareholders have preference for diversified projects investment rather than prospective high income from a single capital intensive project.






Formula and Steps to Calculate Net Present Value (NPV) of Colfax Corporation: Designing a Middle East Oil and Gas Distribution System

NPV = Net Cash In Flowt1 / (1+r)t1 + Net Cash In Flowt2 / (1+r)t2 + … Net Cash In Flowtn / (1+r)tn
Less Net Cash Out Flowt0 / (1+r)t0

Where t = time period, in this case year 1, year 2 and so on.
r = discount rate or return that could be earned using other safe proposition such as fixed deposit or treasury bond rate. Net Cash In Flow – What the firm will get each year.
Net Cash Out Flow – What the firm needs to invest initially in the project.

Step 1 – Understand the nature of the project and calculate cash flow for each year.
Step 2 – Discount those cash flow based on the discount rate.
Step 3 – Add all the discounted cash flow.
Step 4 – Selection of the project

Why Organizational Development Managers need to know Financial Tools such as Net Present Value (NPV)?

In our daily workplace we often come across people and colleagues who are just focused on their core competency and targets they have to deliver. For example marketing managers at Colfax Designing often design programs whose objective is to drive brand awareness and customer reach. But how that 30 point increase in brand awareness or 10 point increase in customer touch points will result into shareholders’ value is not specified.

To overcome such scenarios managers at Colfax Designing needs to not only know the financial aspect of project management but also needs to have tools to integrate them into part of the project development and monitoring plan.

Calculating Net Present Value (NPV) at 15%

After working through various assumptions we reached a conclusion that risk is far higher than 6%. In a reasonably stable industry with weak competition - 15% discount rate can be a good benchmark.



Years              Cash Flow     Net Cash Flow     Cumulative    
Cash Flow
Discount Rate
@ 15 %
Discounted
Cash Flows
Year 0 (10017123) -10017123 - -
Year 1 3470131 -6546992 3470131 0.8696 3017505
Year 2 3979211 -2567781 7449342 0.7561 3008855
Year 3 3970893 1403112 11420235 0.6575 2610927
Year 4 3247005 4650117 14667240 0.5718 1856486
TOTAL 10493773


The Net NPV after 4 years is 476650

(10493773 - 10017123 )








Calculating Net Present Value (NPV) at 20%


If the risk component is high in the industry then we should go for a higher hurdle rate / discount rate of 20%.

Years              Cash Flow     Net Cash Flow     Cumulative    
Cash Flow
Discount Rate
@ 20 %
Discounted
Cash Flows
Year 0 (10017123) -10017123 - -
Year 1 3470131 -6546992 3470131 0.8333 2891776
Year 2 3979211 -2567781 7449342 0.6944 2763341
Year 3 3970893 1403112 11420235 0.5787 2297970
Year 4 3247005 4650117 14667240 0.4823 1565878
TOTAL 9518965


The Net NPV after 4 years is -498158

At 20% discount rate the NPV is negative (9518965 - 10017123 ) so ideally we can't select the project if macro and micro factors don't allow financial managers of Colfax Designing to discount cash flow at lower discount rates such as 15%.





Acceptance Criteria of a Project based on NPV

Simplest Approach – If the investment project of Colfax Designing has a NPV value higher than Zero then finance managers at Colfax Designing can ACCEPT the project, otherwise they can reject the project. This means that project will deliver higher returns over the period of time than any alternate investment strategy.

In theory if the required rate of return or discount rate is chosen correctly by finance managers at Colfax Designing, then the stock price of the Colfax Designing should change by same amount of the NPV. In real world we know that share price also reflects various other factors that can be related to both macro and micro environment.

In the same vein – accepting the project with zero NPV should result in stagnant share price. Finance managers use discount rates as a measure of risk components in the project execution process.

Sensitivity Analysis

Project selection is often a far more complex decision than just choosing it based on the NPV number. Finance managers at Colfax Designing should conduct a sensitivity analysis to better understand not only the inherent risk of the projects but also how those risks can be either factored in or mitigated during the project execution. Sensitivity analysis helps in –

What can impact the cash flow of the project.

Understanding of risks involved in the project.

What are the key aspects of the projects that need to be monitored, refined, and retuned for continuous delivery of projected cash flows.

What are the uncertainties surrounding the project Initial Cash Outlay (ICO’s). ICO’s often have several different components such as land, machinery, building, and other equipment.

What will be a multi year spillover effect of various taxation regulations.

Some of the assumptions while using the Discounted Cash Flow Methods –

Projects are assumed to be Mutually Exclusive – This is seldom the came in modern day giant organizations where projects are often inter-related and rejecting a project solely based on NPV can result in sunk cost from a related project.

Independent projects have independent cash flows – As explained in the marketing project – though the project may look independent but in reality it is not as the brand awareness project can be closely associated with the spending on sales promotions and product specific advertising.






Negotiation Strategy of Colfax Corporation: Designing a Middle East Oil and Gas Distribution System

References & Further Readings

Richard E. Wilson (2018), "Colfax Corporation: Designing a Middle East Oil and Gas Distribution System Harvard Business Review Case Study. Published by HBR Publications.


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