Stockbay Partners: Proactive Flexible Work and Talent Retention Net Present Value (NPV) / MBA Resources

Introduction to Net Present Value (NPV) - What is Net Present Value (NPV) ? How it impacts financial decisions regarding project management?

NPV solution for Stockbay Partners: Proactive Flexible Work and Talent Retention case study

At Oak Spring University, we provide corporate level professional Net Present Value (NPV) case study solution. Stockbay Partners: Proactive Flexible Work and Talent Retention case study is a Harvard Business School (HBR) case study written by Riya Vinayak, Jyotsna Bhatnagar. The Stockbay Partners: Proactive Flexible Work and Talent Retention (referred as “Flexible Flextime” from here on) case study provides evaluation & decision scenario in field of Organizational Development. It also touches upon business topics such as - Value proposition, Personnel policies, Talent management.

The net present value (NPV) of an investment proposal is the present value of the proposal’s net cash flows less the proposal’s initial cash outflow. If a project’s NPV is greater than or equal to zero, the project should be accepted.

NPV = Present Value of Future Cash Flows LESS Project’s Initial Investment

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Case Description of Stockbay Partners: Proactive Flexible Work and Talent Retention Case Study

An entrepreneur faced a dilemma regarding the flexible work policy in his start-up consulting firm. The leader of the firm struggled with the complications that arose after the implementation of flexible working arrangements, and the various situations caused him to rethink the concept of trying to help his employees to manage their own work-life balance. Since flexible working hours were granted on a role-by-role basis, a perception of unfairness emerged when a valuable subject-matter expert was denied flextime privileges while many of his colleagues were allowed to take advantage of them. The manager was apprehensive regarding the rising sense of detachment between the users of flextime and the non-users. Should the manager scrap the policy altogether, or should he attempt to find a better way to implement his firm's flexible work arrangements? Riya Vinayak is affiliated with Management Development Institute.

Case Authors : Riya Vinayak, Jyotsna Bhatnagar

Topic : Organizational Development

Related Areas : Personnel policies, Talent management

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Calculating Net Present Value (NPV) at 6% for Stockbay Partners: Proactive Flexible Work and Talent Retention Case Study

Years	Cash Flow	Net Cash Flow	Cumulative     Cash Flow	Discount Rate @ 6 %	Discounted Cash Flows
Year 0	(10014293)	-10014293	-	-
Year 1	3457130	-6557163	3457130	0.9434	3261443
Year 2	3956017	-2601146	7413147	0.89	3520841
Year 3	3936817	1335671	11349964	0.8396	3305427
Year 4	3246770	4582441	14596734	0.7921	2571746
TOTAL			14596734		12659458

The Net Present Value at 6% discount rate is 2645165

In isolation the NPV number doesn't mean much but put in right context then it is one of the best method to evaluate project returns. In this article we will cover -

Different methods of capital budgeting

What is NPV & Formula of NPV,
How it is calculated,
How to use NPV number for project evaluation, and
Scenario Planning given risks and management priorities.

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Capital Budgeting Approaches

Methods of Capital Budgeting

There are four types of capital budgeting techniques that are widely used in the corporate world –

1. Profitability Index
2. Net Present Value
3. Payback Period
4. Internal Rate of Return

Apart from the Payback period method which is an additive method, rest of the methods are based on Discounted Cash Flow technique. Even though cash flow can be calculated based on the nature of the project, for the simplicity of the article we are assuming that all the expected cash flows are realized at the end of the year.

Discounted Cash Flow approaches provide a more objective basis for evaluating and selecting investment projects. They take into consideration both –

1. Timing of the expected cash flows – stockholders of Flexible Flextime have higher preference for cash returns over 4-5 years rather than 10-15 years given the nature of the volatility in the industry.
2. Magnitude of both incoming and outgoing cash flows – Projects can be capital intensive, time intensive, or both. Flexible Flextime shareholders have preference for diversified projects investment rather than prospective high income from a single capital intensive project.

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Formula and Steps to Calculate Net Present Value (NPV) of Stockbay Partners: Proactive Flexible Work and Talent Retention

NPV = Net Cash In Flowt1 / (1+r)t1 + Net Cash In Flowt2 / (1+r)t2 + … Net Cash In Flowtn / (1+r)tn
Less Net Cash Out Flowt0 / (1+r)t0

Where t = time period, in this case year 1, year 2 and so on.
r = discount rate or return that could be earned using other safe proposition such as fixed deposit or treasury bond rate. Net Cash In Flow – What the firm will get each year.
Net Cash Out Flow – What the firm needs to invest initially in the project.

Step 1 – Understand the nature of the project and calculate cash flow for each year.
Step 2 – Discount those cash flow based on the discount rate.
Step 3 – Add all the discounted cash flow.
Step 4 – Selection of the project

Why Organizational Development Managers need to know Financial Tools such as Net Present Value (NPV)?

In our daily workplace we often come across people and colleagues who are just focused on their core competency and targets they have to deliver. For example marketing managers at Flexible Flextime often design programs whose objective is to drive brand awareness and customer reach. But how that 30 point increase in brand awareness or 10 point increase in customer touch points will result into shareholders’ value is not specified.

To overcome such scenarios managers at Flexible Flextime needs to not only know the financial aspect of project management but also needs to have tools to integrate them into part of the project development and monitoring plan.

Calculating Net Present Value (NPV) at 15%

After working through various assumptions we reached a conclusion that risk is far higher than 6%. In a reasonably stable industry with weak competition - 15% discount rate can be a good benchmark.

Years	Cash Flow	Net Cash Flow	Cumulative     Cash Flow	Discount Rate @ 15 %	Discounted Cash Flows
Year 0	(10014293)	-10014293	-	-
Year 1	3457130	-6557163	3457130	0.8696	3006200
Year 2	3956017	-2601146	7413147	0.7561	2991317
Year 3	3936817	1335671	11349964	0.6575	2588521
Year 4	3246770	4582441	14596734	0.5718	1856351
TOTAL					10442390

The Net NPV after 4 years is 428097

(10442390 - 10014293 )

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Calculating Net Present Value (NPV) at 20%

If the risk component is high in the industry then we should go for a higher hurdle rate / discount rate of 20%.

Years	Cash Flow	Net Cash Flow	Cumulative     Cash Flow	Discount Rate @ 20 %	Discounted Cash Flows
Year 0	(10014293)	-10014293	-	-
Year 1	3457130	-6557163	3457130	0.8333	2880942
Year 2	3956017	-2601146	7413147	0.6944	2747234
Year 3	3936817	1335671	11349964	0.5787	2278251
Year 4	3246770	4582441	14596734	0.4823	1565765
TOTAL					9472191

The Net NPV after 4 years is -542102

At 20% discount rate the NPV is negative (9472191 - 10014293 ) so ideally we can't select the project if macro and micro factors don't allow financial managers of Flexible Flextime to discount cash flow at lower discount rates such as 15%.

Acceptance Criteria of a Project based on NPV

Simplest Approach – If the investment project of Flexible Flextime has a NPV value higher than Zero then finance managers at Flexible Flextime can ACCEPT the project, otherwise they can reject the project. This means that project will deliver higher returns over the period of time than any alternate investment strategy.

In theory if the required rate of return or discount rate is chosen correctly by finance managers at Flexible Flextime, then the stock price of the Flexible Flextime should change by same amount of the NPV. In real world we know that share price also reflects various other factors that can be related to both macro and micro environment.

In the same vein – accepting the project with zero NPV should result in stagnant share price. Finance managers use discount rates as a measure of risk components in the project execution process.

Sensitivity Analysis

Project selection is often a far more complex decision than just choosing it based on the NPV number. Finance managers at Flexible Flextime should conduct a sensitivity analysis to better understand not only the inherent risk of the projects but also how those risks can be either factored in or mitigated during the project execution. Sensitivity analysis helps in –

What are the uncertainties surrounding the project Initial Cash Outlay (ICO’s). ICO’s often have several different components such as land, machinery, building, and other equipment.

What can impact the cash flow of the project.

What will be a multi year spillover effect of various taxation regulations.

Understanding of risks involved in the project.

What are the key aspects of the projects that need to be monitored, refined, and retuned for continuous delivery of projected cash flows.

Some of the assumptions while using the Discounted Cash Flow Methods –

Projects are assumed to be Mutually Exclusive – This is seldom the came in modern day giant organizations where projects are often inter-related and rejecting a project solely based on NPV can result in sunk cost from a related project.

Independent projects have independent cash flows – As explained in the marketing project – though the project may look independent but in reality it is not as the brand awareness project can be closely associated with the spending on sales promotions and product specific advertising.

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Negotiation Strategy of Stockbay Partners: Proactive Flexible Work and Talent Retention

References & Further Readings

Riya Vinayak, Jyotsna Bhatnagar (2018), "Stockbay Partners: Proactive Flexible Work and Talent Retention Harvard Business Review Case Study. Published by HBR Publications.