Introduction to Negotiation Strategy
At Oak Spring University, we provide corporate level professional Negotiation Strategy and other business case study solution. X PRIZE Foundation: Revolution Through Competition case study is a Harvard Business School (HBR) case study written by David W. Hoyt, James A. Phills. The X PRIZE Foundation: Revolution Through Competition (referred as “Prize Foundation” from here on) case study provides evaluation & decision scenario in field of Innovation & Entrepreneurship. It also touches upon business topics such as - negotiation strategy, negotiation framework, Motivating people, Social enterprise, Social responsibility.
Negotiation strategy solution for case study X PRIZE Foundation: Revolution Through Competition ” provides a comprehensive framework to analyse all issues at hand and reach a unambiguous negotiated agreement. At Oak Spring University, we provide comprehensive negotiation strategies that have proven their worth both in the academic sphere and corporate world.
What’s my BATNA (Best Alternative To a Negotiated Agreement) – my walkaway option if the deal fails?
What are my most important interests, in ranked order?
What is the other side’s BATNA, and what are his interests?
In October 2004, SpaceShipOne rocketed into space, winning the $10 million Ansari X PRIZE. This competition for the first privately funded, manned spaceflight was organized by the X PRIZE Foundation, and attracted 26 competitors, who had spent more than $100 million in pursuit of the prize. The success of SpaceShipOne generated intense media and public interest. Many of the competitors for the Ansari X PRIZE also planned to continue their efforts to develop commercial spaceflight businesses. After this success, Peter Diamandis, founder and CEO of the X PRIZE Foundation considered the future of the foundation. He saw three options: shutting down, continuing with a focus on space, or creating a "world-class prize institute that uses the prize-incentive model to solve today's grand challenges." He chose the third alternative, with the vision of developing 10-15 prize competitions. The foundation chose to work on fields including space, medicine and genomics, energy and transportation, education, and other social challenges. Describes lessons learned about prize competitions through the Ansari X PRIZE program. Discusses issues in creating and operating a successful competition, as well as the advantages of using incentive prizes, including bringing new thinking to bear on difficult problems and paying out only when an important goal is accomplished (paying for results, not effort). Poses several problems facing the Foundation as it begins to focus on fields outside of space: could prize competitions work in fields that were not technology-centric (such as poverty); could the organization scale up to support as many as 10-15 competitions; and what areas should the foundation focus on. Finally, could the prize model revolutionize philanthropy by using financial incentives to stimulate investment in important fields and leverage philanthropic dollars by paying only for results?
By interests, we do not mean the preconceived demands or positions that you or the other party may have, but rather the underlying needs, aims, fears, and concerns that shape what you want. Negotiation is more than getting what you want. It is not winning at all cost. Number of times Win-Win is better option that outright winning or getting what you want.
Options are the solutions you generate that could meet your and your counterpart’s interests . Often people come to negotiations with very fixed ideas and things they want to achieve. This strategy leaves unexplored options which might be even better than the one that one party wanted to achieve. So always try to provide as many options as possible during the negotiation process. The best outcome should be out of many options rather than few options.
When soft bargainers meet hard bargainers there is always the danger of soft bargainers ceding more than what is necessary. To avoid this scenario you should always focus on legitimate standards or expectations. Standards are often external and objective measures to assess the fairness such as rules and regulations, financial values & resources , market prices etc. If the negotiated agreement is going beyond the industry norms or established standards of fairness then it is prudent to get out of the negotiation.
Every negotiators going into the negotiations should always work out the “what if” scenario. The negotiating parties in the “X PRIZE Foundation: Revolution Through Competition” has three to four plausible scenarios. The negotiating protagonist needs to have clear idea of – what will happen if the negotiations fail. To put it in the negotiating literature – BATNA - Best Alternative to a Negotiated Agreement. If the negotiated agreement is not better than BATNA then there is no point in accepting the negotiated solution.
One of the biggest problems in implementing the negotiated agreements in corporate world is – the ambiguity in the negotiated agreement. Sometimes the negotiated agreements are not realistic or various parties interpret the outcomes based on their understanding of the situation. It is critical to do negotiations as water tight as possible so that there is less scope for ambiguity.
Many negotiators make the mistake of focusing only on the substance of the negotiation (interests, options, standards, and so on). How you communicate about that substance, however, can make all the difference. The language you use and the way that you build understanding, jointly solve problems, and together determine the process of the negotiation with your counterpart make your negotiation more efficient, yield clear agreements that each party understands, and help you build better relationships.
Another critical factor in the success of your negotiation is how you manage your relationship with your counterpart. According to “David W. Hoyt, James A. Phills”, the protagonist may want to establish a new connection or repair a damaged one; in any case, you want to build a strong working relationship built on mutual respect, well-established trust, and a side-by-side problem- solving approach.
According to
Harvard Business Review
, there are three types of negotiators – Hard Bargainers, Soft Bargainers, and Principled Bargainers.
Hard Bargainers – These people see negotiations as an activity that they need to win. They are less focused less on the real objectives of the negotiations but more on winning. In the “X PRIZE Foundation: Revolution Through Competition ”, do you think a hard bargaining strategy will deliver desired results? Hard bargainers are easy to negotiate with as they often have a very
predictable strategy
Soft Bargainers – These people are focused on relationship rather than hard outcomes of the negotiations. It doesn’t mean they are pushovers. These negotiators often scribe to long term relationship rather than immediate bargain.
Principled Bargainers – As explained in the seven elemental tools of negotiations above, these negotiators are more concern about the standards and norms of fairness. They often have inclusive approach to negotiations and like to work on numerous solutions that can improve the BATNA of both parties.
Open lines of communication between parties in the case study “X PRIZE Foundation: Revolution Through Competition” can make for an effective negotiation strategy and will make it easier to negotiate with this party the next time as well.
David W. Hoyt, James A. Phills (2018), "X PRIZE Foundation: Revolution Through Competition Harvard Business Review Case Study. Published by HBR Publications.
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