Introduction to Negotiation Strategy
At Oak Spring University, we provide corporate level professional Negotiation Strategy and other business case study solution. Howard Industries: A Social Enterprise Worth Continuing? case study is a Harvard Business School (HBR) case study written by Kyleen Myrah, Kerry Rempel, Dean Warner. The Howard Industries: A Social Enterprise Worth Continuing? (referred as “Howard Levesque” from here on) case study provides evaluation & decision scenario in field of Innovation & Entrepreneurship. It also touches upon business topics such as - negotiation strategy , negotiation framework, Social enterprise, Social responsibility, Strategic planning, Sustainability.
Negotiation strategy solution for case study Howard Industries: A Social Enterprise Worth Continuing? ” provides a comprehensive framework to analyse all issues at hand and reach a unambiguous negotiated agreement. At Oak Spring University, we provide comprehensive negotiation strategies that have proven their worth both in the academic sphere and corporate world.
What’s my BATNA (Best Alternative To a Negotiated Agreement) – my walkaway option if the deal fails?
What are my most important interests, in ranked order?
What is the other side’s BATNA, and what are his interests?
Barbara Levesque was preparing for her monthly board meeting on January 18, 2016. Five years ago John Howard Society of the North Okanagan (JHSNOK) made a strategic decision to pursue social enterprise. Its primary purpose was to better support the growth and development of their clients. A secondary driver was to find additional ways to diversify their funding sources to have more financial independence and stability. Social enterprise was identified as the vehicle to expand their impact, more fully meet their mission, and help contribute to long term operational funding. In 2010, Howard Industries was incorporated and two social-purpose ventures were created: "Uncle Howie's Kitchen" provided low cost catering and "Clean Sweep" offered minor renovations, painting and cleaning that mainly serviced the non-profit and public sector. By 2015, the investment in Howard Industries had started to pay off and to-date their social enterprises had contributed $4500 to its parent organization. The management team estimated that approximately 18 clients of JHSNOK worked full time in the two businesses throughout the four-year period from 2011 to 2015, and significant transformative change for some of these men had occurred. Howard Industries was at a pivotal point in development. The market showed an opportunity to maintain and expand current contracts, increase their profitability, and move their clients into leadership roles in the business. In order to grow, additional management time would have to be allocated to support it. Levesque had been asked by her Board to report on what Howard Industries achieved in 2015, and provide recommendations for its future direction. With the five-year social enterprise pilot coming to an end, Levesque needed to decide if Howard Industries was worth continuing and if so, how would she convince the Board to renew their commitment to this social venture.
By interests, we do not mean the preconceived demands or positions that you or the other party may have, but rather the underlying needs, aims, fears, and concerns that shape what you want. Negotiation is more than getting what you want. It is not winning at all cost. Number of times Win-Win is better option that outright winning or getting what you want.
Options are the solutions you generate that could meet your and your counterpart’s interests . Often people come to negotiations with very fixed ideas and things they want to achieve. This strategy leaves unexplored options which might be even better than the one that one party wanted to achieve. So always try to provide as many options as possible during the negotiation process . The best outcome should be out of many options rather than few options.
When soft bargainers meet hard bargainers there is always the danger of soft bargainers ceding more than what is necessary. To avoid this scenario you should always focus on legitimate standards or expectations, clearly understanding the arbitrage . Standards are often external and objective measures to assess the fairness such as rules and regulations, financial values & resources , market prices etc. If the negotiated agreement is going beyond the industry norms or established standards of fairness then it is prudent to get out of the negotiation.
Every negotiators going into the negotiations should always work out the “what if” scenario. The negotiating parties in the “Howard Industries: A Social Enterprise Worth Continuing?” has three to four plausible scenarios. The negotiating protagonist needs to have clear idea of – what will happen if the negotiations fail. To put it in the negotiating literature – BATNA - Best Alternative to a Negotiated Agreement. If the negotiated agreement is not better than BATNA (Negotiations options), then there is no point in accepting the negotiated solution.
One of the biggest problems in implementing the negotiated agreements in corporate world is – the ambiguity in the negotiated agreement. Sometimes the negotiated agreements are not realistic or various parties interpret the outcomes based on their understanding of the situation. It is critical to do negotiations as water tight as possible so that there is less scope for ambiguity.
Many negotiators make the mistake of focusing only on the substance of the negotiation (interests, options, standards, and so on). How you communicate about that substance, however, can make all the difference. The language you use and the way that you build understanding, jointly solve problems, and together determine the process of the negotiation with your counterpart make your negotiation more efficient, yield clear agreements that each party understands, and help you build better relationships.
Another critical factor in the success of your negotiation is how you manage your relationship with your counterpart and other people doing the mediation. According to “Kyleen Myrah, Kerry Rempel, Dean Warner”, the protagonist may want to establish a new connection or repair a damaged one; in any case, you want to build a strong working relationship built on mutual respect, well-established trust, and a side-by-side problem- solving approach.
According to
Harvard Business Review
, there are three types of negotiators – Hard Bargainers, Soft Bargainers, and Principled Bargainers.
Hard Bargainers – These people see negotiations as an activity that they need to win. They are less focused less on the real objectives of the negotiations but more on winning. In the “Howard Industries: A Social Enterprise Worth Continuing? ”, do you think a hard bargaining strategy will deliver desired results? Hard bargainers are easy to negotiate with as they often have a very
predictable strategy
Soft Bargainers – These people are focused on relationship rather than hard outcomes of the negotiations. It doesn’t mean they are pushovers. These negotiators often scribe to long term relationship rather than immediate bargain.
Principled Bargainers – As explained in the seven elemental tools of negotiations above, these negotiators are more concern about the standards and norms of fairness. They often have inclusive approach to negotiations and like to work on numerous solutions that can improve the BATNA of both parties.
Open lines of communication between parties in the case study “Howard Industries: A Social Enterprise Worth Continuing?” can make for an effective negotiation strategy and will make it easier to negotiate with this party the next time as well.
Kyleen Myrah, Kerry Rempel, Dean Warner (2018), "Howard Industries: A Social Enterprise Worth Continuing? Harvard Business Review Case Study. Published by HBR Publications.
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