Ceja Vineyards: Marketing to the Hispanic Wine Consumer? Net Present Value (NPV) / MBA Resources

Introduction to Net Present Value (NPV) - What is Net Present Value (NPV) ? How it impacts financial decisions regarding project management?

NPV solution for Ceja Vineyards: Marketing to the Hispanic Wine Consumer? case study

At Oak Spring University, we provide corporate level professional Net Present Value (NPV) case study solution. Ceja Vineyards: Marketing to the Hispanic Wine Consumer? case study is a Harvard Business School (HBR) case study written by Armand Gilinsky Jr., Linda I. Nowak, Cristina Santini, Ricardo Villarreal daSilva. The Ceja Vineyards: Marketing to the Hispanic Wine Consumer? (referred as “Wine Hispanic” from here on) case study provides evaluation & decision scenario in field of Strategy & Execution. It also touches upon business topics such as - Value proposition, Marketing.

The net present value (NPV) of an investment proposal is the present value of the proposal’s net cash flows less the proposal’s initial cash outflow. If a project’s NPV is greater than or equal to zero, the project should be accepted.

NPV = Present Value of Future Cash Flows LESS Project’s Initial Investment

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Case Description of Ceja Vineyards: Marketing to the Hispanic Wine Consumer? Case Study

After celebrating their nineteenth harvest and seventh year as California producers and marketers of premium wine in September 2007, the Mexican-born owners of Ceja Vineyards were considering whether or not to make a concerted effort to target U.S. Hispanic consumers. Doing so would enable Ceja to capitalize on its heritage as one of the first Hispanic-owned and operated wine businesses in America, but this was no easy decision. Targeting the emerging and potentially vast U.S. Hispanic consumer segment might require extensive repositioning of Ceja's premium varietal wine brands, result in a diminution of effort to sustain its rapidly growing wine club, pose additional future expenses for promotion of wine consumption to U.S. Hispanic consumers, and erode the high-end premium wine brand. In addition, the Hispanic wine consumer living outside the U.S. represented another high potential market opportunity and was of serious interest to Amelia Ceja, co-founder of the winery, and her family partners.

Case Authors : Armand Gilinsky Jr., Linda I. Nowak, Cristina Santini, Ricardo Villarreal daSilva

Topic : Strategy & Execution

Related Areas : Marketing

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Calculating Net Present Value (NPV) at 6% for Ceja Vineyards: Marketing to the Hispanic Wine Consumer? Case Study

Years	Cash Flow	Net Cash Flow	Cumulative     Cash Flow	Discount Rate @ 6 %	Discounted Cash Flows
Year 0	(10011932)	-10011932	-	-
Year 1	3464485	-6547447	3464485	0.9434	3268382
Year 2	3970757	-2576690	7435242	0.89	3533960
Year 3	3975826	1399136	11411068	0.8396	3338180
Year 4	3243807	4642943	14654875	0.7921	2569399
TOTAL			14654875		12709921

The Net Present Value at 6% discount rate is 2697989

In isolation the NPV number doesn't mean much but put in right context then it is one of the best method to evaluate project returns. In this article we will cover -

Different methods of capital budgeting

What is NPV & Formula of NPV,
How it is calculated,
How to use NPV number for project evaluation, and
Scenario Planning given risks and management priorities.

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Capital Budgeting Approaches

Methods of Capital Budgeting

There are four types of capital budgeting techniques that are widely used in the corporate world –

1. Net Present Value
2. Internal Rate of Return
3. Profitability Index
4. Payback Period

Apart from the Payback period method which is an additive method, rest of the methods are based on Discounted Cash Flow technique. Even though cash flow can be calculated based on the nature of the project, for the simplicity of the article we are assuming that all the expected cash flows are realized at the end of the year.

Discounted Cash Flow approaches provide a more objective basis for evaluating and selecting investment projects. They take into consideration both –

1. Timing of the expected cash flows – stockholders of Wine Hispanic have higher preference for cash returns over 4-5 years rather than 10-15 years given the nature of the volatility in the industry.
2. Magnitude of both incoming and outgoing cash flows – Projects can be capital intensive, time intensive, or both. Wine Hispanic shareholders have preference for diversified projects investment rather than prospective high income from a single capital intensive project.

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Formula and Steps to Calculate Net Present Value (NPV) of Ceja Vineyards: Marketing to the Hispanic Wine Consumer?

NPV = Net Cash In Flowt1 / (1+r)t1 + Net Cash In Flowt2 / (1+r)t2 + … Net Cash In Flowtn / (1+r)tn
Less Net Cash Out Flowt0 / (1+r)t0

Where t = time period, in this case year 1, year 2 and so on.
r = discount rate or return that could be earned using other safe proposition such as fixed deposit or treasury bond rate. Net Cash In Flow – What the firm will get each year.
Net Cash Out Flow – What the firm needs to invest initially in the project.

Step 1 – Understand the nature of the project and calculate cash flow for each year.
Step 2 – Discount those cash flow based on the discount rate.
Step 3 – Add all the discounted cash flow.
Step 4 – Selection of the project

Why Strategy & Execution Managers need to know Financial Tools such as Net Present Value (NPV)?

In our daily workplace we often come across people and colleagues who are just focused on their core competency and targets they have to deliver. For example marketing managers at Wine Hispanic often design programs whose objective is to drive brand awareness and customer reach. But how that 30 point increase in brand awareness or 10 point increase in customer touch points will result into shareholders’ value is not specified.

To overcome such scenarios managers at Wine Hispanic needs to not only know the financial aspect of project management but also needs to have tools to integrate them into part of the project development and monitoring plan.

Calculating Net Present Value (NPV) at 15%

After working through various assumptions we reached a conclusion that risk is far higher than 6%. In a reasonably stable industry with weak competition - 15% discount rate can be a good benchmark.

Years	Cash Flow	Net Cash Flow	Cumulative     Cash Flow	Discount Rate @ 15 %	Discounted Cash Flows
Year 0	(10011932)	-10011932	-	-
Year 1	3464485	-6547447	3464485	0.8696	3012596
Year 2	3970757	-2576690	7435242	0.7561	3002463
Year 3	3975826	1399136	11411068	0.6575	2614170
Year 4	3243807	4642943	14654875	0.5718	1854657
TOTAL					10483886

The Net NPV after 4 years is 471954

(10483886 - 10011932 )

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Calculating Net Present Value (NPV) at 20%

If the risk component is high in the industry then we should go for a higher hurdle rate / discount rate of 20%.

Years	Cash Flow	Net Cash Flow	Cumulative     Cash Flow	Discount Rate @ 20 %	Discounted Cash Flows
Year 0	(10011932)	-10011932	-	-
Year 1	3464485	-6547447	3464485	0.8333	2887071
Year 2	3970757	-2576690	7435242	0.6944	2757470
Year 3	3975826	1399136	11411068	0.5787	2300825
Year 4	3243807	4642943	14654875	0.4823	1564336
TOTAL					9509702

The Net NPV after 4 years is -502230

At 20% discount rate the NPV is negative (9509702 - 10011932 ) so ideally we can't select the project if macro and micro factors don't allow financial managers of Wine Hispanic to discount cash flow at lower discount rates such as 15%.

Acceptance Criteria of a Project based on NPV

Simplest Approach – If the investment project of Wine Hispanic has a NPV value higher than Zero then finance managers at Wine Hispanic can ACCEPT the project, otherwise they can reject the project. This means that project will deliver higher returns over the period of time than any alternate investment strategy.

In theory if the required rate of return or discount rate is chosen correctly by finance managers at Wine Hispanic, then the stock price of the Wine Hispanic should change by same amount of the NPV. In real world we know that share price also reflects various other factors that can be related to both macro and micro environment.

In the same vein – accepting the project with zero NPV should result in stagnant share price. Finance managers use discount rates as a measure of risk components in the project execution process.

Sensitivity Analysis

Project selection is often a far more complex decision than just choosing it based on the NPV number. Finance managers at Wine Hispanic should conduct a sensitivity analysis to better understand not only the inherent risk of the projects but also how those risks can be either factored in or mitigated during the project execution. Sensitivity analysis helps in –

What will be a multi year spillover effect of various taxation regulations.

What are the uncertainties surrounding the project Initial Cash Outlay (ICO’s). ICO’s often have several different components such as land, machinery, building, and other equipment.

Understanding of risks involved in the project.

What are the key aspects of the projects that need to be monitored, refined, and retuned for continuous delivery of projected cash flows.

What can impact the cash flow of the project.

Some of the assumptions while using the Discounted Cash Flow Methods –

Projects are assumed to be Mutually Exclusive – This is seldom the came in modern day giant organizations where projects are often inter-related and rejecting a project solely based on NPV can result in sunk cost from a related project.

Independent projects have independent cash flows – As explained in the marketing project – though the project may look independent but in reality it is not as the brand awareness project can be closely associated with the spending on sales promotions and product specific advertising.

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Negotiation Strategy of Ceja Vineyards: Marketing to the Hispanic Wine Consumer?

References & Further Readings

Armand Gilinsky Jr., Linda I. Nowak, Cristina Santini, Ricardo Villarreal daSilva (2018), "Ceja Vineyards: Marketing to the Hispanic Wine Consumer? Harvard Business Review Case Study. Published by HBR Publications.