Titan Products, Inc.: Acquisition of Franz Schuler GMBH (B-1) Net Present Value (NPV) / MBA Resources

Introduction to Net Present Value (NPV) - What is Net Present Value (NPV) ? How it impacts financial decisions regarding project management?

NPV solution for Titan Products, Inc.: Acquisition of Franz Schuler GMBH (B-1) case study

At Oak Spring University, we provide corporate level professional Net Present Value (NPV) case study solution. Titan Products, Inc.: Acquisition of Franz Schuler GMBH (B-1) case study is a Harvard Business School (HBR) case study written by Dan Watson, William G. Bowen. The Titan Products, Inc.: Acquisition of Franz Schuler GMBH (B-1) (referred as “Uv4253 Schuler” from here on) case study provides evaluation & decision scenario in field of Strategy & Execution. It also touches upon business topics such as - Value proposition, Cross-cultural management, Mergers & acquisitions, Organizational structure.

The net present value (NPV) of an investment proposal is the present value of the proposal’s net cash flows less the proposal’s initial cash outflow. If a project’s NPV is greater than or equal to zero, the project should be accepted.

NPV = Present Value of Future Cash Flows LESS Project’s Initial Investment

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Case Description of Titan Products, Inc.: Acquisition of Franz Schuler GMBH (B-1) Case Study

This case follows UV4253, which is designed to allow two integration teams, each representing one of two very different companies, to construct a joint post-acquisition-integration plan. Some of the issues addressed by UV4253 included (1) organization of Schuler, (2) staffing of management positions, (3) joint-distribution channels, (4) resolution of culture conflicts, (5) focus of strategic and operational decisions, and (6) performance metrics for assessing the success of the acquisition. The confidential background about one of the companies is provided in this case for one of the teams.

Case Authors : Dan Watson, William G. Bowen

Topic : Strategy & Execution

Related Areas : Cross-cultural management, Mergers & acquisitions, Organizational structure

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Calculating Net Present Value (NPV) at 6% for Titan Products, Inc.: Acquisition of Franz Schuler GMBH (B-1) Case Study

Years	Cash Flow	Net Cash Flow	Cumulative     Cash Flow	Discount Rate @ 6 %	Discounted Cash Flows
Year 0	(10005122)	-10005122	-	-
Year 1	3462089	-6543033	3462089	0.9434	3266122
Year 2	3979271	-2563762	7441360	0.89	3541537
Year 3	3970885	1407123	11412245	0.8396	3334032
Year 4	3223540	4630663	14635785	0.7921	2553346
TOTAL			14635785		12695036

The Net Present Value at 6% discount rate is 2689914

In isolation the NPV number doesn't mean much but put in right context then it is one of the best method to evaluate project returns. In this article we will cover -

Different methods of capital budgeting

What is NPV & Formula of NPV,
How it is calculated,
How to use NPV number for project evaluation, and
Scenario Planning given risks and management priorities.

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Capital Budgeting Approaches

Methods of Capital Budgeting

There are four types of capital budgeting techniques that are widely used in the corporate world –

1. Internal Rate of Return
2. Net Present Value
3. Profitability Index
4. Payback Period

Apart from the Payback period method which is an additive method, rest of the methods are based on Discounted Cash Flow technique. Even though cash flow can be calculated based on the nature of the project, for the simplicity of the article we are assuming that all the expected cash flows are realized at the end of the year.

Discounted Cash Flow approaches provide a more objective basis for evaluating and selecting investment projects. They take into consideration both –

1. Timing of the expected cash flows – stockholders of Uv4253 Schuler have higher preference for cash returns over 4-5 years rather than 10-15 years given the nature of the volatility in the industry.
2. Magnitude of both incoming and outgoing cash flows – Projects can be capital intensive, time intensive, or both. Uv4253 Schuler shareholders have preference for diversified projects investment rather than prospective high income from a single capital intensive project.

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Formula and Steps to Calculate Net Present Value (NPV) of Titan Products, Inc.: Acquisition of Franz Schuler GMBH (B-1)

NPV = Net Cash In Flowt1 / (1+r)t1 + Net Cash In Flowt2 / (1+r)t2 + … Net Cash In Flowtn / (1+r)tn
Less Net Cash Out Flowt0 / (1+r)t0

Where t = time period, in this case year 1, year 2 and so on.
r = discount rate or return that could be earned using other safe proposition such as fixed deposit or treasury bond rate. Net Cash In Flow – What the firm will get each year.
Net Cash Out Flow – What the firm needs to invest initially in the project.

Step 1 – Understand the nature of the project and calculate cash flow for each year.
Step 2 – Discount those cash flow based on the discount rate.
Step 3 – Add all the discounted cash flow.
Step 4 – Selection of the project

Why Strategy & Execution Managers need to know Financial Tools such as Net Present Value (NPV)?

In our daily workplace we often come across people and colleagues who are just focused on their core competency and targets they have to deliver. For example marketing managers at Uv4253 Schuler often design programs whose objective is to drive brand awareness and customer reach. But how that 30 point increase in brand awareness or 10 point increase in customer touch points will result into shareholders’ value is not specified.

To overcome such scenarios managers at Uv4253 Schuler needs to not only know the financial aspect of project management but also needs to have tools to integrate them into part of the project development and monitoring plan.

Calculating Net Present Value (NPV) at 15%

After working through various assumptions we reached a conclusion that risk is far higher than 6%. In a reasonably stable industry with weak competition - 15% discount rate can be a good benchmark.

Years	Cash Flow	Net Cash Flow	Cumulative     Cash Flow	Discount Rate @ 15 %	Discounted Cash Flows
Year 0	(10005122)	-10005122	-	-
Year 1	3462089	-6543033	3462089	0.8696	3010512
Year 2	3979271	-2563762	7441360	0.7561	3008901
Year 3	3970885	1407123	11412245	0.6575	2610921
Year 4	3223540	4630663	14635785	0.5718	1843069
TOTAL					10473404

The Net NPV after 4 years is 468282

(10473404 - 10005122 )

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Calculating Net Present Value (NPV) at 20%

If the risk component is high in the industry then we should go for a higher hurdle rate / discount rate of 20%.

Years	Cash Flow	Net Cash Flow	Cumulative     Cash Flow	Discount Rate @ 20 %	Discounted Cash Flows
Year 0	(10005122)	-10005122	-	-
Year 1	3462089	-6543033	3462089	0.8333	2885074
Year 2	3979271	-2563762	7441360	0.6944	2763383
Year 3	3970885	1407123	11412245	0.5787	2297966
Year 4	3223540	4630663	14635785	0.4823	1554562
TOTAL					9500985

The Net NPV after 4 years is -504137

At 20% discount rate the NPV is negative (9500985 - 10005122 ) so ideally we can't select the project if macro and micro factors don't allow financial managers of Uv4253 Schuler to discount cash flow at lower discount rates such as 15%.

Acceptance Criteria of a Project based on NPV

Simplest Approach – If the investment project of Uv4253 Schuler has a NPV value higher than Zero then finance managers at Uv4253 Schuler can ACCEPT the project, otherwise they can reject the project. This means that project will deliver higher returns over the period of time than any alternate investment strategy.

In theory if the required rate of return or discount rate is chosen correctly by finance managers at Uv4253 Schuler, then the stock price of the Uv4253 Schuler should change by same amount of the NPV. In real world we know that share price also reflects various other factors that can be related to both macro and micro environment.

In the same vein – accepting the project with zero NPV should result in stagnant share price. Finance managers use discount rates as a measure of risk components in the project execution process.

Sensitivity Analysis

Project selection is often a far more complex decision than just choosing it based on the NPV number. Finance managers at Uv4253 Schuler should conduct a sensitivity analysis to better understand not only the inherent risk of the projects but also how those risks can be either factored in or mitigated during the project execution. Sensitivity analysis helps in –

What will be a multi year spillover effect of various taxation regulations.

What can impact the cash flow of the project.

Understanding of risks involved in the project.

What are the uncertainties surrounding the project Initial Cash Outlay (ICO’s). ICO’s often have several different components such as land, machinery, building, and other equipment.

What are the key aspects of the projects that need to be monitored, refined, and retuned for continuous delivery of projected cash flows.

Some of the assumptions while using the Discounted Cash Flow Methods –

Projects are assumed to be Mutually Exclusive – This is seldom the came in modern day giant organizations where projects are often inter-related and rejecting a project solely based on NPV can result in sunk cost from a related project.

Independent projects have independent cash flows – As explained in the marketing project – though the project may look independent but in reality it is not as the brand awareness project can be closely associated with the spending on sales promotions and product specific advertising.

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Negotiation Strategy of Titan Products, Inc.: Acquisition of Franz Schuler GMBH (B-1)

References & Further Readings

Dan Watson, William G. Bowen (2018), "Titan Products, Inc.: Acquisition of Franz Schuler GMBH (B-1) Harvard Business Review Case Study. Published by HBR Publications.