Standard Chartered Bank Singapore: Embracing the Silver Lining Net Present Value (NPV) / MBA Resources

Introduction to Net Present Value (NPV) - What is Net Present Value (NPV) ? How it impacts financial decisions regarding project management?

NPV solution for Standard Chartered Bank Singapore: Embracing the Silver Lining case study

At Oak Spring University, we provide corporate level professional Net Present Value (NPV) case study solution. Standard Chartered Bank Singapore: Embracing the Silver Lining case study is a Harvard Business School (HBR) case study written by Thompson SH Teo, Sok Chin Lim, Jun Xian Lau, Amanda Yun Shan Chua. The Standard Chartered Bank Singapore: Embracing the Silver Lining (referred as “Lining Chartered” from here on) case study provides evaluation & decision scenario in field of Leadership & Managing People. It also touches upon business topics such as - Value proposition, Social enterprise, Social responsibility, Sustainability.

The net present value (NPV) of an investment proposal is the present value of the proposal’s net cash flows less the proposal’s initial cash outflow. If a project’s NPV is greater than or equal to zero, the project should be accepted.

NPV = Present Value of Future Cash Flows LESS Project’s Initial Investment

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Case Description of Standard Chartered Bank Singapore: Embracing the Silver Lining Case Study

Standard Chartered Bank (Singapore) Limited (Standard Chartered) was part of an international banking group that focused on the creation of wealth across Asia, Africa, and the Middle East. As part of its commitment to corporate social responsibility, Standard Chartered launched a project in 2012 called Silver Lining, a community project that aimed to support elderly Singaporeans in meeting their financial and health care needs. Silver Lining had overcome a number of challenges since its inception, choosing appropriate partners and finding ways to help young volunteers overcome language barriers to work with elderly clients. It had also joined with other organizations to collaborate on offering supports and services to seniors in the community, some of whom were dealing with poor mental health. In early 2017, Standard Chartered had to make some key strategic decisions in order to ensure the continued relevance of Silver Lining and justify the need for continued funding for the project. Thompson S.H. Teo is affiliated with National University of Singapore.

Case Authors : Thompson SH Teo, Sok Chin Lim, Jun Xian Lau, Amanda Yun Shan Chua

Topic : Leadership & Managing People

Related Areas : Social enterprise, Social responsibility, Sustainability

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Calculating Net Present Value (NPV) at 6% for Standard Chartered Bank Singapore: Embracing the Silver Lining Case Study

Years	Cash Flow	Net Cash Flow	Cumulative     Cash Flow	Discount Rate @ 6 %	Discounted Cash Flows
Year 0	(10006660)	-10006660	-	-
Year 1	3459400	-6547260	3459400	0.9434	3263585
Year 2	3967332	-2579928	7426732	0.89	3530911
Year 3	3975661	1395733	11402393	0.8396	3338042
Year 4	3239613	4635346	14642006	0.7921	2566077
TOTAL			14642006		12698615

The Net Present Value at 6% discount rate is 2691955

In isolation the NPV number doesn't mean much but put in right context then it is one of the best method to evaluate project returns. In this article we will cover -

Different methods of capital budgeting

What is NPV & Formula of NPV,
How it is calculated,
How to use NPV number for project evaluation, and
Scenario Planning given risks and management priorities.

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Capital Budgeting Approaches

Methods of Capital Budgeting

There are four types of capital budgeting techniques that are widely used in the corporate world –

1. Payback Period
2. Net Present Value
3. Profitability Index
4. Internal Rate of Return

Apart from the Payback period method which is an additive method, rest of the methods are based on Discounted Cash Flow technique. Even though cash flow can be calculated based on the nature of the project, for the simplicity of the article we are assuming that all the expected cash flows are realized at the end of the year.

Discounted Cash Flow approaches provide a more objective basis for evaluating and selecting investment projects. They take into consideration both –

1. Magnitude of both incoming and outgoing cash flows – Projects can be capital intensive, time intensive, or both. Lining Chartered shareholders have preference for diversified projects investment rather than prospective high income from a single capital intensive project.
2. Timing of the expected cash flows – stockholders of Lining Chartered have higher preference for cash returns over 4-5 years rather than 10-15 years given the nature of the volatility in the industry.

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Formula and Steps to Calculate Net Present Value (NPV) of Standard Chartered Bank Singapore: Embracing the Silver Lining

NPV = Net Cash In Flowt1 / (1+r)t1 + Net Cash In Flowt2 / (1+r)t2 + … Net Cash In Flowtn / (1+r)tn
Less Net Cash Out Flowt0 / (1+r)t0

Where t = time period, in this case year 1, year 2 and so on.
r = discount rate or return that could be earned using other safe proposition such as fixed deposit or treasury bond rate. Net Cash In Flow – What the firm will get each year.
Net Cash Out Flow – What the firm needs to invest initially in the project.

Step 1 – Understand the nature of the project and calculate cash flow for each year.
Step 2 – Discount those cash flow based on the discount rate.
Step 3 – Add all the discounted cash flow.
Step 4 – Selection of the project

Why Leadership & Managing People Managers need to know Financial Tools such as Net Present Value (NPV)?

In our daily workplace we often come across people and colleagues who are just focused on their core competency and targets they have to deliver. For example marketing managers at Lining Chartered often design programs whose objective is to drive brand awareness and customer reach. But how that 30 point increase in brand awareness or 10 point increase in customer touch points will result into shareholders’ value is not specified.

To overcome such scenarios managers at Lining Chartered needs to not only know the financial aspect of project management but also needs to have tools to integrate them into part of the project development and monitoring plan.

Calculating Net Present Value (NPV) at 15%

After working through various assumptions we reached a conclusion that risk is far higher than 6%. In a reasonably stable industry with weak competition - 15% discount rate can be a good benchmark.

Years	Cash Flow	Net Cash Flow	Cumulative     Cash Flow	Discount Rate @ 15 %	Discounted Cash Flows
Year 0	(10006660)	-10006660	-	-
Year 1	3459400	-6547260	3459400	0.8696	3008174
Year 2	3967332	-2579928	7426732	0.7561	2999873
Year 3	3975661	1395733	11402393	0.6575	2614062
Year 4	3239613	4635346	14642006	0.5718	1852259
TOTAL					10474368

The Net NPV after 4 years is 467708

(10474368 - 10006660 )

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Calculating Net Present Value (NPV) at 20%

If the risk component is high in the industry then we should go for a higher hurdle rate / discount rate of 20%.

Years	Cash Flow	Net Cash Flow	Cumulative     Cash Flow	Discount Rate @ 20 %	Discounted Cash Flows
Year 0	(10006660)	-10006660	-	-
Year 1	3459400	-6547260	3459400	0.8333	2882833
Year 2	3967332	-2579928	7426732	0.6944	2755092
Year 3	3975661	1395733	11402393	0.5787	2300730
Year 4	3239613	4635346	14642006	0.4823	1562313
TOTAL					9500968

The Net NPV after 4 years is -505692

At 20% discount rate the NPV is negative (9500968 - 10006660 ) so ideally we can't select the project if macro and micro factors don't allow financial managers of Lining Chartered to discount cash flow at lower discount rates such as 15%.

Acceptance Criteria of a Project based on NPV

Simplest Approach – If the investment project of Lining Chartered has a NPV value higher than Zero then finance managers at Lining Chartered can ACCEPT the project, otherwise they can reject the project. This means that project will deliver higher returns over the period of time than any alternate investment strategy.

In theory if the required rate of return or discount rate is chosen correctly by finance managers at Lining Chartered, then the stock price of the Lining Chartered should change by same amount of the NPV. In real world we know that share price also reflects various other factors that can be related to both macro and micro environment.

In the same vein – accepting the project with zero NPV should result in stagnant share price. Finance managers use discount rates as a measure of risk components in the project execution process.

Sensitivity Analysis

Project selection is often a far more complex decision than just choosing it based on the NPV number. Finance managers at Lining Chartered should conduct a sensitivity analysis to better understand not only the inherent risk of the projects but also how those risks can be either factored in or mitigated during the project execution. Sensitivity analysis helps in –

Understanding of risks involved in the project.

What are the uncertainties surrounding the project Initial Cash Outlay (ICO’s). ICO’s often have several different components such as land, machinery, building, and other equipment.

What are the key aspects of the projects that need to be monitored, refined, and retuned for continuous delivery of projected cash flows.

What can impact the cash flow of the project.

What will be a multi year spillover effect of various taxation regulations.

Some of the assumptions while using the Discounted Cash Flow Methods –

Projects are assumed to be Mutually Exclusive – This is seldom the came in modern day giant organizations where projects are often inter-related and rejecting a project solely based on NPV can result in sunk cost from a related project.

Independent projects have independent cash flows – As explained in the marketing project – though the project may look independent but in reality it is not as the brand awareness project can be closely associated with the spending on sales promotions and product specific advertising.

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Negotiation Strategy of Standard Chartered Bank Singapore: Embracing the Silver Lining

References & Further Readings

Thompson SH Teo, Sok Chin Lim, Jun Xian Lau, Amanda Yun Shan Chua (2018), "Standard Chartered Bank Singapore: Embracing the Silver Lining Harvard Business Review Case Study. Published by HBR Publications.