Chase's Strategy for Syndicating the Hong Kong Disneyland Loan (A) Net Present Value (NPV) / MBA Resources

Introduction to Net Present Value (NPV) - What is Net Present Value (NPV) ? How it impacts financial decisions regarding project management?

NPV solution for Chase's Strategy for Syndicating the Hong Kong Disneyland Loan (A) case study

At Oak Spring University, we provide corporate level professional Net Present Value (NPV) case study solution. Chase's Strategy for Syndicating the Hong Kong Disneyland Loan (A) case study is a Harvard Business School (HBR) case study written by Benjamin C. Esty, Michael Kane. The Chase's Strategy for Syndicating the Hong Kong Disneyland Loan (A) (referred as “Chase Syndicated” from here on) case study provides evaluation & decision scenario in field of Finance & Accounting. It also touches upon business topics such as - Value proposition, Financial management, Project management.

The net present value (NPV) of an investment proposal is the present value of the proposal’s net cash flows less the proposal’s initial cash outflow. If a project’s NPV is greater than or equal to zero, the project should be accepted.

NPV = Present Value of Future Cash Flows LESS Project’s Initial Investment

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Case Description of Chase's Strategy for Syndicating the Hong Kong Disneyland Loan (A) Case Study

In late 1999, the Walt Disney Co. and the Hong Kong government agreed to develop Hong Kong Disneyland, a HK$28 (U.S.$3.6) billion theme park and resort complex planned to open in late 2005. As part of the total financing package, the sponsors decided to raise HK$3.3 billion of non-recourse bank loans for construction and working capital, and selected Chase Manhattan Bank to underwrite and syndicate these facilities. This case concerns the process by which Chase successfully competed to lead this transaction. The key questions facing Chase were whether to bid at all, how to bid, and how to structure the syndication to meet the borrower's needs, its own profit objectives, and the market's expectation for an attractively priced credit. Includes a generic section about the process, participants, and economics of syndicated lending for students who are unfamiliar with syndicated lending. This is part of a module on Financing Projects in the Elective Curriculum (EC) course Large-Scale Investment (LSI). Although written for a course on project finance, it can easily be modified for courses on capital markets or financial institutions.

Case Authors : Benjamin C. Esty, Michael Kane

Topic : Finance & Accounting

Related Areas : Financial management, Project management

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Calculating Net Present Value (NPV) at 6% for Chase's Strategy for Syndicating the Hong Kong Disneyland Loan (A) Case Study

Years	Cash Flow	Net Cash Flow	Cumulative     Cash Flow	Discount Rate @ 6 %	Discounted Cash Flows
Year 0	(10026305)	-10026305	-	-
Year 1	3446637	-6579668	3446637	0.9434	3251544
Year 2	3970558	-2609110	7417195	0.89	3533782
Year 3	3961969	1352859	11379164	0.8396	3326546
Year 4	3232906	4585765	14612070	0.7921	2560764
TOTAL			14612070		12672637

The Net Present Value at 6% discount rate is 2646332

In isolation the NPV number doesn't mean much but put in right context then it is one of the best method to evaluate project returns. In this article we will cover -

Different methods of capital budgeting

What is NPV & Formula of NPV,
How it is calculated,
How to use NPV number for project evaluation, and
Scenario Planning given risks and management priorities.

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Capital Budgeting Approaches

Methods of Capital Budgeting

There are four types of capital budgeting techniques that are widely used in the corporate world –

1. Profitability Index
2. Payback Period
3. Internal Rate of Return
4. Net Present Value

Apart from the Payback period method which is an additive method, rest of the methods are based on Discounted Cash Flow technique. Even though cash flow can be calculated based on the nature of the project, for the simplicity of the article we are assuming that all the expected cash flows are realized at the end of the year.

Discounted Cash Flow approaches provide a more objective basis for evaluating and selecting investment projects. They take into consideration both –

1. Magnitude of both incoming and outgoing cash flows – Projects can be capital intensive, time intensive, or both. Chase Syndicated shareholders have preference for diversified projects investment rather than prospective high income from a single capital intensive project.
2. Timing of the expected cash flows – stockholders of Chase Syndicated have higher preference for cash returns over 4-5 years rather than 10-15 years given the nature of the volatility in the industry.

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Formula and Steps to Calculate Net Present Value (NPV) of Chase's Strategy for Syndicating the Hong Kong Disneyland Loan (A)

NPV = Net Cash In Flowt1 / (1+r)t1 + Net Cash In Flowt2 / (1+r)t2 + … Net Cash In Flowtn / (1+r)tn
Less Net Cash Out Flowt0 / (1+r)t0

Where t = time period, in this case year 1, year 2 and so on.
r = discount rate or return that could be earned using other safe proposition such as fixed deposit or treasury bond rate. Net Cash In Flow – What the firm will get each year.
Net Cash Out Flow – What the firm needs to invest initially in the project.

Step 1 – Understand the nature of the project and calculate cash flow for each year.
Step 2 – Discount those cash flow based on the discount rate.
Step 3 – Add all the discounted cash flow.
Step 4 – Selection of the project

Why Finance & Accounting Managers need to know Financial Tools such as Net Present Value (NPV)?

In our daily workplace we often come across people and colleagues who are just focused on their core competency and targets they have to deliver. For example marketing managers at Chase Syndicated often design programs whose objective is to drive brand awareness and customer reach. But how that 30 point increase in brand awareness or 10 point increase in customer touch points will result into shareholders’ value is not specified.

To overcome such scenarios managers at Chase Syndicated needs to not only know the financial aspect of project management but also needs to have tools to integrate them into part of the project development and monitoring plan.

Calculating Net Present Value (NPV) at 15%

After working through various assumptions we reached a conclusion that risk is far higher than 6%. In a reasonably stable industry with weak competition - 15% discount rate can be a good benchmark.

Years	Cash Flow	Net Cash Flow	Cumulative     Cash Flow	Discount Rate @ 15 %	Discounted Cash Flows
Year 0	(10026305)	-10026305	-	-
Year 1	3446637	-6579668	3446637	0.8696	2997076
Year 2	3970558	-2609110	7417195	0.7561	3002312
Year 3	3961969	1352859	11379164	0.6575	2605059
Year 4	3232906	4585765	14612070	0.5718	1848424
TOTAL					10452871

The Net NPV after 4 years is 426566

(10452871 - 10026305 )

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Calculating Net Present Value (NPV) at 20%

If the risk component is high in the industry then we should go for a higher hurdle rate / discount rate of 20%.

Years	Cash Flow	Net Cash Flow	Cumulative     Cash Flow	Discount Rate @ 20 %	Discounted Cash Flows
Year 0	(10026305)	-10026305	-	-
Year 1	3446637	-6579668	3446637	0.8333	2872198
Year 2	3970558	-2609110	7417195	0.6944	2757332
Year 3	3961969	1352859	11379164	0.5787	2292806
Year 4	3232906	4585765	14612070	0.4823	1559079
TOTAL					9481414

The Net NPV after 4 years is -544891

At 20% discount rate the NPV is negative (9481414 - 10026305 ) so ideally we can't select the project if macro and micro factors don't allow financial managers of Chase Syndicated to discount cash flow at lower discount rates such as 15%.

Acceptance Criteria of a Project based on NPV

Simplest Approach – If the investment project of Chase Syndicated has a NPV value higher than Zero then finance managers at Chase Syndicated can ACCEPT the project, otherwise they can reject the project. This means that project will deliver higher returns over the period of time than any alternate investment strategy.

In theory if the required rate of return or discount rate is chosen correctly by finance managers at Chase Syndicated, then the stock price of the Chase Syndicated should change by same amount of the NPV. In real world we know that share price also reflects various other factors that can be related to both macro and micro environment.

In the same vein – accepting the project with zero NPV should result in stagnant share price. Finance managers use discount rates as a measure of risk components in the project execution process.

Sensitivity Analysis

Project selection is often a far more complex decision than just choosing it based on the NPV number. Finance managers at Chase Syndicated should conduct a sensitivity analysis to better understand not only the inherent risk of the projects but also how those risks can be either factored in or mitigated during the project execution. Sensitivity analysis helps in –

What will be a multi year spillover effect of various taxation regulations.

Understanding of risks involved in the project.

What are the uncertainties surrounding the project Initial Cash Outlay (ICO’s). ICO’s often have several different components such as land, machinery, building, and other equipment.

What can impact the cash flow of the project.

What are the key aspects of the projects that need to be monitored, refined, and retuned for continuous delivery of projected cash flows.

Some of the assumptions while using the Discounted Cash Flow Methods –

Projects are assumed to be Mutually Exclusive – This is seldom the came in modern day giant organizations where projects are often inter-related and rejecting a project solely based on NPV can result in sunk cost from a related project.

Independent projects have independent cash flows – As explained in the marketing project – though the project may look independent but in reality it is not as the brand awareness project can be closely associated with the spending on sales promotions and product specific advertising.

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Negotiation Strategy of Chase's Strategy for Syndicating the Hong Kong Disneyland Loan (A)

References & Further Readings

Benjamin C. Esty, Michael Kane (2018), "Chase's Strategy for Syndicating the Hong Kong Disneyland Loan (A) Harvard Business Review Case Study. Published by HBR Publications.