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Histograms and the Normal Distribution in Microsoft Excel SWOT Analysis / TOWS Matrix / Weighted SWOT Analysis

Case Study SWOT Analysis Solution

Case Study Description of Histograms and the Normal Distribution in Microsoft Excel


Histograms are graphs that provide a large amount of useful information for all types of data and display the frequency of observations in a data set. The purpose of this note is to introduce histograms for several types of data, provide examples of insights that can be gained and calculations that can be performed using histograms, and demonstrate how to build histograms in Microsoft Excel. In addition, this note reviews the Normal distribution, which can be used to approximate many empirical distributions. The note includes practice exercises and their solutions, and a supporting Excel workbook for students.

Authors :: Kyle Maclean, Lauren E. Cipriano, Gregory S. Zaric

Topics :: Technology & Operations

Tags :: Business models, SWOT Analysis, SWOT Matrix, TOWS, Weighted SWOT Analysis

Swot Analysis of "Histograms and the Normal Distribution in Microsoft Excel" written by Kyle Maclean, Lauren E. Cipriano, Gregory S. Zaric includes – strengths weakness that are internal strategic factors of the organization, and opportunities and threats that Histograms Excel facing as an external strategic factors. Some of the topics covered in Histograms and the Normal Distribution in Microsoft Excel case study are - Strategic Management Strategies, Business models and Technology & Operations.


Some of the macro environment factors that can be used to understand the Histograms and the Normal Distribution in Microsoft Excel casestudy better are - – increasing government debt because of Covid-19 spendings, challanges to central banks by blockchain based private currencies, there is backlash against globalization, cloud computing is disrupting traditional business models, increasing commodity prices, customer relationship management is fast transforming because of increasing concerns over data privacy, increasing energy prices, technology disruption, increasing inequality as vast percentage of new income is going to the top 1%, etc



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Introduction to SWOT Analysis of Histograms and the Normal Distribution in Microsoft Excel


SWOT stands for an organization’s Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats . At Oak Spring University , we believe that protagonist in Histograms and the Normal Distribution in Microsoft Excel case study can use SWOT analysis as a strategic management tool to assess the current internal strengths and weaknesses of the Histograms Excel, and to figure out the opportunities and threats in the macro environment – technological, environmental, political, economic, social, demographic, etc in which Histograms Excel operates in.

According to Harvard Business Review, 75% of the managers use SWOT analysis for various purposes such as – evaluating current scenario, strategic planning, new venture feasibility, personal growth goals, new market entry, Go To market strategies, portfolio management and strategic trade-off assessment, organizational restructuring, etc.




SWOT Objectives / Importance of SWOT Analysis and SWOT Matrix


SWOT analysis of Histograms and the Normal Distribution in Microsoft Excel can be done for the following purposes –
1. Strategic planning using facts provided in Histograms and the Normal Distribution in Microsoft Excel case study
2. Improving business portfolio management of Histograms Excel
3. Assessing feasibility of the new initiative in Technology & Operations field.
4. Making a Technology & Operations topic specific business decision
5. Set goals for the organization
6. Organizational restructuring of Histograms Excel




Strengths Histograms and the Normal Distribution in Microsoft Excel | Internal Strategic Factors
What are Strengths in SWOT Analysis / TOWS Matrix / Weighted SWOT Analysis

The strengths of Histograms Excel in Histograms and the Normal Distribution in Microsoft Excel Harvard Business Review case study are -

Organizational Resilience of Histograms Excel

– The covid-19 pandemic has put organizational resilience at the centre of everthing that Histograms Excel does. Organizational resilience comprises - Financial Resilience, Operational Resilience, Technological Resilience, Organizational Resilience, Business Model Resilience, and Reputation Resilience.

Sustainable margins compare to other players in Technology & Operations industry

– Histograms and the Normal Distribution in Microsoft Excel firm has clearly differentiated products in the market place. This has enabled Histograms Excel to fetch slight price premium compare to the competitors in the Technology & Operations industry. The sustainable margins have also helped Histograms Excel to invest into research and development (R&D) and innovation.

Diverse revenue streams

– Histograms Excel is present in almost all the verticals within the industry. This has provided firm in Histograms and the Normal Distribution in Microsoft Excel case study a diverse revenue stream that has helped it to survive disruptions such as global pandemic in Covid-19, financial disruption of 2008, and supply chain disruption of 2021.

Learning organization

- Histograms Excel is a learning organization. It has inculcated three key characters of learning organization in its processes and operations – exploration, creativity, and expansiveness. The work place at Histograms Excel is open place that encourages instructiveness, ideation, open minded discussions, and creativity. Employees and leaders in Histograms and the Normal Distribution in Microsoft Excel Harvard Business Review case study emphasize – knowledge, initiative, and innovation.

Ability to recruit top talent

– Histograms Excel is one of the leading recruiters in the industry. Managers in the Histograms and the Normal Distribution in Microsoft Excel are in a position to attract the best talent available. The firm has a robust talent identification program that helps in identifying the brightest.

Cross disciplinary teams

– Horizontal connected teams at the Histograms Excel are driving operational speed, building greater agility, and keeping the organization nimble to compete with new competitors. It helps are organization to ideate new ideas, and execute them swiftly in the marketplace.

Innovation driven organization

– Histograms Excel is one of the most innovative firm in sector. Manager in Histograms and the Normal Distribution in Microsoft Excel Harvard Business Review case study can use Clayton Christensen Disruptive Innovation strategies to further increase the scale of innovtions in the organization.

High switching costs

– The high switching costs that Histograms Excel has built up over years in its products and services combo offer has resulted in high retention of customers, lower marketing costs, and greater ability of the firm to focus on its customers.

Training and development

– Histograms Excel has one of the best training and development program in the industry. The effectiveness of the training programs can be measured in Histograms and the Normal Distribution in Microsoft Excel Harvard Business Review case study by analyzing – employees retention, in-house promotion, loyalty, new venture initiation, lack of conflict, and high level of both employees and customer engagement.

Superior customer experience

– The customer experience strategy of Histograms Excel in the segment is based on four key concepts – personalization, simplification of complex needs, prompt response, and continuous engagement.

Strong track record of project management

– Histograms Excel is known for sticking to its project targets. This enables the firm to manage – time, project costs, and have sustainable margins on the projects.

Highly skilled collaborators

– Histograms Excel has highly efficient outsourcing and offshoring strategy. It has resulted in greater operational flexibility and bringing down the costs in highly price sensitive segment. Secondly the value chain collaborators of the firm in Histograms and the Normal Distribution in Microsoft Excel HBR case study have helped the firm to develop new products and bring them quickly to the marketplace.






Weaknesses Histograms and the Normal Distribution in Microsoft Excel | Internal Strategic Factors
What are Weaknesses in SWOT Analysis / TOWS Matrix / Weighted SWOT Analysis

The weaknesses of Histograms and the Normal Distribution in Microsoft Excel are -

Increasing silos among functional specialists

– The organizational structure of Histograms Excel is dominated by functional specialists. It is not different from other players in the Technology & Operations segment. Histograms Excel needs to de-silo the office environment to harness the true potential of its workforce. Secondly the de-silo will also help Histograms Excel to focus more on services rather than just following the product oriented approach.

Lack of clear differentiation of Histograms Excel products

– To increase the profitability and margins on the products, Histograms Excel needs to provide more differentiated products than what it is currently offering in the marketplace.

Ability to respond to the competition

– As the decision making is very deliberative, highlighted in the case study Histograms and the Normal Distribution in Microsoft Excel, in the dynamic environment Histograms Excel has struggled to respond to the nimble upstart competition. Histograms Excel has reasonably good record with similar level competitors but it has struggled with new entrants taking away niches of its business.

Slow to harness new channels of communication

– Even though competitors are using new communication channels such as Instagram, Tiktok, and Snap, Histograms Excel is slow explore the new channels of communication. These new channels of communication mentioned in marketing section of case study Histograms and the Normal Distribution in Microsoft Excel can help to provide better information regarding products and services. It can also build an online community to further reach out to potential customers.

High operating costs

– Compare to the competitors, firm in the HBR case study Histograms and the Normal Distribution in Microsoft Excel has high operating costs in the. This can be harder to sustain given the new emerging competition from nimble players who are using technology to attract Histograms Excel 's lucrative customers.

No frontier risks strategy

– After analyzing the HBR case study Histograms and the Normal Distribution in Microsoft Excel, it seems that company is thinking about the frontier risks that can impact Technology & Operations strategy. But it has very little resources allocation to manage the risks emerging from events such as natural disasters, climate change, melting of permafrost, tacking the rise of artificial intelligence, opportunities and threats emerging from commercialization of space etc.

Capital Spending Reduction

– Even during the low interest decade, Histograms Excel has not been able to do capital spending to the tune of the competition. This has resulted into fewer innovations and company facing stiff competition from both existing competitors and new entrants who are disrupting the industry using digital technology.

High bargaining power of channel partners

– Because of the regulatory requirements, Kyle Maclean, Lauren E. Cipriano, Gregory S. Zaric suggests that, Histograms Excel is facing high bargaining power of the channel partners. So far it has not able to streamline the operations to reduce the bargaining power of the value chain partners in the industry.

High cash cycle compare to competitors

Histograms Excel has a high cash cycle compare to other players in the industry. It needs to shorten the cash cycle by 12% to be more competitive in the marketplace, reduce inventory costs, and be more profitable.

Slow decision making process

– As mentioned earlier in the report, Histograms Excel has a very deliberative decision making approach. This approach has resulted in prudent decisions, but it has also resulted in missing opportunities in the industry over the last five years. Histograms Excel even though has strong showing on digital transformation primary two stages, it has struggled to capitalize the power of digital transformation in marketing efforts and new venture efforts.

Aligning sales with marketing

– It come across in the case study Histograms and the Normal Distribution in Microsoft Excel that the firm needs to have more collaboration between its sales team and marketing team. Sales professionals in the industry have deep experience in developing customer relationships. Marketing department in the case Histograms and the Normal Distribution in Microsoft Excel can leverage the sales team experience to cultivate customer relationships as Histograms Excel is planning to shift buying processes online.




Opportunities Histograms and the Normal Distribution in Microsoft Excel | External Strategic Factors
What are Opportunities in the SWOT Analysis / TOWS Matrix / Weighted SWOT Analysis


The opportunities highlighted in the Harvard Business Review case study Histograms and the Normal Distribution in Microsoft Excel are -

Creating value in data economy

– The success of analytics program of Histograms Excel has opened avenues for new revenue streams for the organization in the industry. This can help Histograms Excel to build a more holistic ecosystem as suggested in the Histograms and the Normal Distribution in Microsoft Excel case study. Histograms Excel can build new products and services such as - data insight services, data privacy related products, data based consulting services, etc.

Increase in government spending

– As the United States and other governments are increasing social spending and infrastructure spending to build economies post Covid-19, Histograms Excel can use these opportunities to build new business models that can help the communities that Histograms Excel operates in. Secondly it can use opportunities from government spending in Technology & Operations sector.

Using analytics as competitive advantage

– Histograms Excel has spent a significant amount of money and effort to integrate analytics and machine learning into its operations in the sector. This continuous investment in analytics has enabled, as illustrated in the Harvard case study Histograms and the Normal Distribution in Microsoft Excel - to build a competitive advantage using analytics. The analytics driven competitive advantage can help Histograms Excel to build faster Go To Market strategies, better consumer insights, developing relevant product features, and building a highly efficient supply chain.

Changes in consumer behavior post Covid-19

– Consumer behavior has changed in the Technology & Operations industry because of Covid-19 restrictions. Some of this behavior will stay once things get back to normal. Histograms Excel can take advantage of these changes in consumer behavior to build a far more efficient business model. For example consumer regular ordering of products can reduce both last mile delivery costs and market penetration costs. Histograms Excel can further use this consumer data to build better customer loyalty, provide better products and service collection, and improve the value proposition in inflationary times.

Reconfiguring business model

– The expansion of digital payment system, the bringing down of international transactions costs using Bitcoin and other blockchain based currencies, etc can help Histograms Excel to reconfigure its entire business model. For example it can used blockchain based technologies to reduce piracy of its products in the big markets such as China. Secondly it can use the popularity of e-commerce in various developing markets to build a Direct to Customer business model rather than the current Channel Heavy distribution network.

Harnessing reconfiguration of the global supply chains

– As the trade war between US and China heats up in the coming years, Histograms Excel can build a diversified supply chain model across various countries in - South East Asia, India, and other parts of the world. This reconfiguration of global supply chain can help, as suggested in case study, Histograms and the Normal Distribution in Microsoft Excel, to buy more products closer to the markets, and it can leverage its size and influence to get better deal from the local markets.

Finding new ways to collaborate

– Covid-19 has not only transformed business models of companies in Technology & Operations industry, but it has also influenced the consumer preferences. Histograms Excel can tie-up with other value chain partners to explore new opportunities regarding meeting customer demands and building a rewarding and engaging relationship.

Remote work and new talent hiring opportunities

– The widespread usage of remote working technologies during Covid-19 has opened opportunities for Histograms Excel to expand its talent hiring zone. According to McKinsey Global Institute, 20% of the high end workforce in fields such as finance, information technology, can continously work from remote local post Covid-19. This presents a really great opportunity for Histograms Excel to hire the very best people irrespective of their geographical location.

Better consumer reach

– The expansion of the 5G network will help Histograms Excel to increase its market reach. Histograms Excel will be able to reach out to new customers. Secondly 5G will also provide technology framework to build new tools and products that can help more immersive consumer experience and faster consumer journey.

Manufacturing automation

– Histograms Excel can use the latest technology developments to improve its manufacturing and designing process in Technology & Operations segment. It can use CAD and 3D printing to build a quick prototype and pilot testing products. It can leverage automation using machine learning and artificial intelligence to do faster production at lowers costs, and it can leverage the growth in satellite and tracking technologies to improve inventory management, transportation, and shipping.

Loyalty marketing

– Histograms Excel has focused on building a highly responsive customer relationship management platform. This platform is built on in-house data and driven by analytics and artificial intelligence. The customer analytics can help the organization to fine tune its loyalty marketing efforts, increase the wallet share of the organization, reduce wastage on mainstream advertising spending, build better pricing strategies using personalization, etc.

Lowering marketing communication costs

– 5G expansion will open new opportunities for Histograms Excel in the field of marketing communication. It will bring down the cost of doing business, provide technology platform to build new products in the Technology & Operations segment, and it will provide faster access to the consumers.

Identify volunteer opportunities

– Covid-19 has impacted working population in two ways – it has led to people soul searching about their professional choices, resulting in mass resignation. Secondly it has encouraged people to do things that they are passionate about. This has opened opportunities for businesses to build volunteer oriented socially driven projects. Histograms Excel can explore opportunities that can attract volunteers and are consistent with its mission and vision.




Threats Histograms and the Normal Distribution in Microsoft Excel External Strategic Factors
What are Threats in the SWOT Analysis / TOWS Matrix / Weighted SWOT Analysis


The threats mentioned in the HBR case study Histograms and the Normal Distribution in Microsoft Excel are -

Easy access to finance

– Easy access to finance in Technology & Operations field will also reduce the barriers to entry in the industry, thus putting downward pressure on the prices because of increasing competition. Histograms Excel can utilize it by borrowing at lower rates and invest it into research and development, capital expenditure to fortify its core competitive advantage.

Increasing international competition and downward pressure on margins

– Apart from technology driven competitive advantage dilution, Histograms Excel can face downward pressure on margins from increasing competition from international players. The international players have stable revenue in their home market and can use those resources to penetrate prominent markets illustrated in HBR case study Histograms and the Normal Distribution in Microsoft Excel .

Technology disruption because of hacks, piracy etc

– The colonial pipeline illustrated, how vulnerable modern organization are to international hackers, miscreants, and disruptors. The cyber security interruption, data leaks, etc can seriously jeopardize the future growth of the organization.

Shortening product life cycle

– it is one of the major threat that Histograms Excel is facing in Technology & Operations sector. It can lead to higher research and development costs, higher marketing expenses, lower customer loyalty, etc.

Backlash against dominant players

– US Congress and other legislative arms of the government are getting tough on big business especially technology companies. The digital arm of Histograms Excel business can come under increasing regulations regarding data privacy, data security, etc.

Capital market disruption

– During the Covid-19, Dow Jones has touched record high. The valuations of a number of companies are way beyond their existing business model potential. This can lead to capital market correction which can put a number of suppliers, collaborators, value chain partners in great financial difficulty. It will directly impact the business of Histograms Excel.

Trade war between China and United States

– The trade war between two of the biggest economies can hugely impact the opportunities for Histograms Excel in the Technology & Operations industry. The Technology & Operations industry is already at various protected from local competition in China, with the rise of trade war the protection levels may go up. This presents a clear threat of current business model in Chinese market.

Barriers of entry lowering

– As technology is more democratized, the barriers to entry in the industry are lowering. It can presents Histograms Excel with greater competitive threats in the near to medium future. Secondly it will also put downward pressure on pricing throughout the sector.

Learning curve for new practices

– As the technology based on artificial intelligence and machine learning platform is getting complex, as highlighted in case study Histograms and the Normal Distribution in Microsoft Excel, Histograms Excel may face longer learning curve for training and development of existing employees. This can open space for more nimble competitors in the field of Technology & Operations .

Stagnating economy with rate increase

– Histograms Excel can face lack of demand in the market place because of Fed actions to reduce inflation. This can lead to sluggish growth in the economy, lower demands, lower investments, higher borrowing costs, and consolidation in the field.

Instability in the European markets

– European Union markets are facing three big challenges post Covid – expanded balance sheets, Brexit related business disruption, and aggressive Russia looking to distract the existing security mechanism. Histograms Excel will face different problems in different parts of Europe. For example it will face inflationary pressures in UK, France, and Germany, balance sheet expansion and demand challenges in Southern European countries, and geopolitical instability in the Eastern Europe.

High level of anxiety and lack of motivation

– the Great Resignation in United States is the sign of broader dissatisfaction among the workforce in United States. Histograms Excel needs to understand the core reasons impacting the Technology & Operations industry. This will help it in building a better workplace.

Technology acceleration in Forth Industrial Revolution

– Histograms Excel has witnessed rapid integration of technology during Covid-19 in the Technology & Operations industry. As one of the leading players in the industry, Histograms Excel needs to keep up with the evolution of technology in the Technology & Operations sector. According to Mckinsey study top managers believe that the adoption of technology in operations, communications is 20-25 times faster than what they planned in the beginning of 2019.




Weighted SWOT Analysis of Histograms and the Normal Distribution in Microsoft Excel Template, Example


Not all factors mentioned under the Strengths, Weakness, Opportunities, and Threats quadrants in the SWOT Analysis are equal. Managers in the HBR case study Histograms and the Normal Distribution in Microsoft Excel needs to zero down on the relative importance of each factor mentioned in the Strengths, Weakness, Opportunities, and Threats quadrants. We can provide the relative importance to each factor by assigning relative weights. Weighted SWOT analysis process is a three stage process –

First stage for doing weighted SWOT analysis of the case study Histograms and the Normal Distribution in Microsoft Excel is to rank the strengths and weaknesses of the organization. This will help you to assess the most important strengths and weaknesses of the firm and which one of the strengths and weaknesses mentioned in the initial lists are marginal and can be left out.

Second stage for conducting weighted SWOT analysis of the Harvard case study Histograms and the Normal Distribution in Microsoft Excel is to give probabilities to the external strategic factors thus better understanding the opportunities and threats arising out of macro environment changes and developments.

Third stage of constructing weighted SWOT analysis of Histograms and the Normal Distribution in Microsoft Excel is to provide strategic recommendations includes – joining likelihood of external strategic factors such as opportunities and threats to the internal strategic factors – strengths and weaknesses. You should start with external factors as they will provide the direction of the overall industry. Secondly by joining probabilities with internal strategic factors can help the company not only strategic fit but also the most probably strategic trade-off that Histograms Excel needs to make to build a sustainable competitive advantage.



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