If You Love Something, Let It Go Mobile: Mobile Marketing And Mobile Social Media 4x4 Net Present Value (NPV) / MBA Resources

Introduction to Net Present Value (NPV) - What is Net Present Value (NPV) ? How it impacts financial decisions regarding project management?

NPV solution for If You Love Something, Let It Go Mobile: Mobile Marketing And Mobile Social Media 4x4 case study

At Oak Spring University, we provide corporate level professional Net Present Value (NPV) case study solution. If You Love Something, Let It Go Mobile: Mobile Marketing And Mobile Social Media 4x4 case study is a Harvard Business School (HBR) case study written by Andreas M. Kaplan. The If You Love Something, Let It Go Mobile: Mobile Marketing And Mobile Social Media 4x4 (referred as “Mobile Media” from here on) case study provides evaluation & decision scenario in field of Technology & Operations. It also touches upon business topics such as - Value proposition, Marketing, Sales, Social platforms.

The net present value (NPV) of an investment proposal is the present value of the proposal’s net cash flows less the proposal’s initial cash outflow. If a project’s NPV is greater than or equal to zero, the project should be accepted.

NPV = Present Value of Future Cash Flows LESS Project’s Initial Investment

---

Case Description of If You Love Something, Let It Go Mobile: Mobile Marketing And Mobile Social Media 4x4 Case Study

Social media applications-including collaborative projects, micro-blogs/blogs, content communities, social networking sites, and virtual worlds-have become part of the standard communication repertoire for many companies. Today, with the creation of increasingly powerful mobile devices, numerous social media applications have gone mobile and new entrants are constantly appearing. The purpose of this article is to take account of this evolution, and provide an introduction to the general topic of mobile marketing and mobile social media. Herein, we define what mobile social media is, what it is not, and how it differs from other types of mobile marketing applications. Further, we discuss how firms can make use of mobile social media for marketing research, communication, sales promotions/discounts, and relationship development/loyalty programs. We present four pieces of advice for mobile social media usage, which we refer to as the 'Four I's' of mobile social media. Finally, we conclude by providing some thoughts on the future evolution of this new and exciting type of application.

Case Authors : Andreas M. Kaplan

Topic : Technology & Operations

Related Areas : Marketing, Sales, Social platforms

---

Calculating Net Present Value (NPV) at 6% for If You Love Something, Let It Go Mobile: Mobile Marketing And Mobile Social Media 4x4 Case Study

Years	Cash Flow	Net Cash Flow	Cumulative     Cash Flow	Discount Rate @ 6 %	Discounted Cash Flows
Year 0	(10027979)	-10027979	-	-
Year 1	3464216	-6563763	3464216	0.9434	3268128
Year 2	3976342	-2587421	7440558	0.89	3538930
Year 3	3973056	1385635	11413614	0.8396	3335854
Year 4	3232298	4617933	14645912	0.7921	2560283
TOTAL			14645912		12703196

The Net Present Value at 6% discount rate is 2675217

In isolation the NPV number doesn't mean much but put in right context then it is one of the best method to evaluate project returns. In this article we will cover -

Different methods of capital budgeting

What is NPV & Formula of NPV,
How it is calculated,
How to use NPV number for project evaluation, and
Scenario Planning given risks and management priorities.

---

Capital Budgeting Approaches

Methods of Capital Budgeting

There are four types of capital budgeting techniques that are widely used in the corporate world –

1. Internal Rate of Return
2. Profitability Index
3. Net Present Value
4. Payback Period

Apart from the Payback period method which is an additive method, rest of the methods are based on Discounted Cash Flow technique. Even though cash flow can be calculated based on the nature of the project, for the simplicity of the article we are assuming that all the expected cash flows are realized at the end of the year.

Discounted Cash Flow approaches provide a more objective basis for evaluating and selecting investment projects. They take into consideration both –

1. Timing of the expected cash flows – stockholders of Mobile Media have higher preference for cash returns over 4-5 years rather than 10-15 years given the nature of the volatility in the industry.
2. Magnitude of both incoming and outgoing cash flows – Projects can be capital intensive, time intensive, or both. Mobile Media shareholders have preference for diversified projects investment rather than prospective high income from a single capital intensive project.

---

Formula and Steps to Calculate Net Present Value (NPV) of If You Love Something, Let It Go Mobile: Mobile Marketing And Mobile Social Media 4x4

NPV = Net Cash In Flowt1 / (1+r)t1 + Net Cash In Flowt2 / (1+r)t2 + … Net Cash In Flowtn / (1+r)tn
Less Net Cash Out Flowt0 / (1+r)t0

Where t = time period, in this case year 1, year 2 and so on.
r = discount rate or return that could be earned using other safe proposition such as fixed deposit or treasury bond rate. Net Cash In Flow – What the firm will get each year.
Net Cash Out Flow – What the firm needs to invest initially in the project.

Step 1 – Understand the nature of the project and calculate cash flow for each year.
Step 2 – Discount those cash flow based on the discount rate.
Step 3 – Add all the discounted cash flow.
Step 4 – Selection of the project

Why Technology & Operations Managers need to know Financial Tools such as Net Present Value (NPV)?

In our daily workplace we often come across people and colleagues who are just focused on their core competency and targets they have to deliver. For example marketing managers at Mobile Media often design programs whose objective is to drive brand awareness and customer reach. But how that 30 point increase in brand awareness or 10 point increase in customer touch points will result into shareholders’ value is not specified.

To overcome such scenarios managers at Mobile Media needs to not only know the financial aspect of project management but also needs to have tools to integrate them into part of the project development and monitoring plan.

Calculating Net Present Value (NPV) at 15%

After working through various assumptions we reached a conclusion that risk is far higher than 6%. In a reasonably stable industry with weak competition - 15% discount rate can be a good benchmark.

Years	Cash Flow	Net Cash Flow	Cumulative     Cash Flow	Discount Rate @ 15 %	Discounted Cash Flows
Year 0	(10027979)	-10027979	-	-
Year 1	3464216	-6563763	3464216	0.8696	3012362
Year 2	3976342	-2587421	7440558	0.7561	3006686
Year 3	3973056	1385635	11413614	0.6575	2612349
Year 4	3232298	4617933	14645912	0.5718	1848077
TOTAL					10479473

The Net NPV after 4 years is 451494

(10479473 - 10027979 )

---

Calculating Net Present Value (NPV) at 20%

If the risk component is high in the industry then we should go for a higher hurdle rate / discount rate of 20%.

Years	Cash Flow	Net Cash Flow	Cumulative     Cash Flow	Discount Rate @ 20 %	Discounted Cash Flows
Year 0	(10027979)	-10027979	-	-
Year 1	3464216	-6563763	3464216	0.8333	2886847
Year 2	3976342	-2587421	7440558	0.6944	2761349
Year 3	3973056	1385635	11413614	0.5787	2299222
Year 4	3232298	4617933	14645912	0.4823	1558786
TOTAL					9506203

The Net NPV after 4 years is -521776

At 20% discount rate the NPV is negative (9506203 - 10027979 ) so ideally we can't select the project if macro and micro factors don't allow financial managers of Mobile Media to discount cash flow at lower discount rates such as 15%.

Acceptance Criteria of a Project based on NPV

Simplest Approach – If the investment project of Mobile Media has a NPV value higher than Zero then finance managers at Mobile Media can ACCEPT the project, otherwise they can reject the project. This means that project will deliver higher returns over the period of time than any alternate investment strategy.

In theory if the required rate of return or discount rate is chosen correctly by finance managers at Mobile Media, then the stock price of the Mobile Media should change by same amount of the NPV. In real world we know that share price also reflects various other factors that can be related to both macro and micro environment.

In the same vein – accepting the project with zero NPV should result in stagnant share price. Finance managers use discount rates as a measure of risk components in the project execution process.

Sensitivity Analysis

Project selection is often a far more complex decision than just choosing it based on the NPV number. Finance managers at Mobile Media should conduct a sensitivity analysis to better understand not only the inherent risk of the projects but also how those risks can be either factored in or mitigated during the project execution. Sensitivity analysis helps in –

What will be a multi year spillover effect of various taxation regulations.

Understanding of risks involved in the project.

What are the uncertainties surrounding the project Initial Cash Outlay (ICO’s). ICO’s often have several different components such as land, machinery, building, and other equipment.

What are the key aspects of the projects that need to be monitored, refined, and retuned for continuous delivery of projected cash flows.

What can impact the cash flow of the project.

Some of the assumptions while using the Discounted Cash Flow Methods –

Projects are assumed to be Mutually Exclusive – This is seldom the came in modern day giant organizations where projects are often inter-related and rejecting a project solely based on NPV can result in sunk cost from a related project.

Independent projects have independent cash flows – As explained in the marketing project – though the project may look independent but in reality it is not as the brand awareness project can be closely associated with the spending on sales promotions and product specific advertising.

---

Negotiation Strategy of If You Love Something, Let It Go Mobile: Mobile Marketing And Mobile Social Media 4x4

References & Further Readings

Andreas M. Kaplan (2018), "If You Love Something, Let It Go Mobile: Mobile Marketing And Mobile Social Media 4x4 Harvard Business Review Case Study. Published by HBR Publications.