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Organizational Culture and Leadership Style: The Missing Combination for Selecting the Right Leader for Effective Crisis Management SWOT Analysis / TOWS Matrix / Weighted SWOT Analysis

Case Study SWOT Analysis Solution

Case Study Description of Organizational Culture and Leadership Style: The Missing Combination for Selecting the Right Leader for Effective Crisis Management


Most organizations faced with a crisis will rely on the leader in place at that time to lead them out of the crisis, often with disastrous results. When the crisis gets out of hand, these organizations realize belatedly that the current leader does not necessarily possess the leadership style required to manage the crisis effectively. We present three crisis response leadership principles (CRLP) to help organizations successfully prepare for and manage a crisis. To accompany the CRLP, we provide the crisis response leadership matrix (CRLM), a prescriptive guide to help an organization improve its initial response and enhance the effectiveness of its crisis management efforts. Combining the element of organizational culture with individual leadership styles, the CRLM offers a standard methodology that allows organizations to match a given crisis with the best possible crisis response leader. We present a real-world case study that describes a successful implementation of the approach: the U.S. Air Force Taiwan-4 crisis. Organizations adopting this methodology can confidently choose the right person to lead a swift, effective response to a crisis.

Authors :: Melissa R. Bowers, J. Reggie Hall, Mandyam M. Srinivasan

Topics :: Organizational Development

Tags :: Leadership, Organizational culture, Risk management, SWOT Analysis, SWOT Matrix, TOWS, Weighted SWOT Analysis

Swot Analysis of "Organizational Culture and Leadership Style: The Missing Combination for Selecting the Right Leader for Effective Crisis Management" written by Melissa R. Bowers, J. Reggie Hall, Mandyam M. Srinivasan includes – strengths weakness that are internal strategic factors of the organization, and opportunities and threats that Crisis Crlm facing as an external strategic factors. Some of the topics covered in Organizational Culture and Leadership Style: The Missing Combination for Selecting the Right Leader for Effective Crisis Management case study are - Strategic Management Strategies, Leadership, Organizational culture, Risk management and Organizational Development.


Some of the macro environment factors that can be used to understand the Organizational Culture and Leadership Style: The Missing Combination for Selecting the Right Leader for Effective Crisis Management casestudy better are - – increasing household debt because of falling income levels, cloud computing is disrupting traditional business models, banking and financial system is disrupted by Bitcoin and other crypto currencies, digital marketing is dominated by two big players Facebook and Google, competitive advantages are harder to sustain because of technology dispersion, increasing commodity prices, increasing inequality as vast percentage of new income is going to the top 1%, talent flight as more people leaving formal jobs, increasing transportation and logistics costs, etc



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Introduction to SWOT Analysis of Organizational Culture and Leadership Style: The Missing Combination for Selecting the Right Leader for Effective Crisis Management


SWOT stands for an organization’s Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats . At Oak Spring University , we believe that protagonist in Organizational Culture and Leadership Style: The Missing Combination for Selecting the Right Leader for Effective Crisis Management case study can use SWOT analysis as a strategic management tool to assess the current internal strengths and weaknesses of the Crisis Crlm, and to figure out the opportunities and threats in the macro environment – technological, environmental, political, economic, social, demographic, etc in which Crisis Crlm operates in.

According to Harvard Business Review, 75% of the managers use SWOT analysis for various purposes such as – evaluating current scenario, strategic planning, new venture feasibility, personal growth goals, new market entry, Go To market strategies, portfolio management and strategic trade-off assessment, organizational restructuring, etc.




SWOT Objectives / Importance of SWOT Analysis and SWOT Matrix


SWOT analysis of Organizational Culture and Leadership Style: The Missing Combination for Selecting the Right Leader for Effective Crisis Management can be done for the following purposes –
1. Strategic planning using facts provided in Organizational Culture and Leadership Style: The Missing Combination for Selecting the Right Leader for Effective Crisis Management case study
2. Improving business portfolio management of Crisis Crlm
3. Assessing feasibility of the new initiative in Organizational Development field.
4. Making a Organizational Development topic specific business decision
5. Set goals for the organization
6. Organizational restructuring of Crisis Crlm




Strengths Organizational Culture and Leadership Style: The Missing Combination for Selecting the Right Leader for Effective Crisis Management | Internal Strategic Factors
What are Strengths in SWOT Analysis / TOWS Matrix / Weighted SWOT Analysis

The strengths of Crisis Crlm in Organizational Culture and Leadership Style: The Missing Combination for Selecting the Right Leader for Effective Crisis Management Harvard Business Review case study are -

Learning organization

- Crisis Crlm is a learning organization. It has inculcated three key characters of learning organization in its processes and operations – exploration, creativity, and expansiveness. The work place at Crisis Crlm is open place that encourages instructiveness, ideation, open minded discussions, and creativity. Employees and leaders in Organizational Culture and Leadership Style: The Missing Combination for Selecting the Right Leader for Effective Crisis Management Harvard Business Review case study emphasize – knowledge, initiative, and innovation.

Successful track record of launching new products

– Crisis Crlm has launched numerous new products in last few years, keeping in mind evolving customer preferences and competitive pressures. Crisis Crlm has effective processes in place that helps in exploring new product needs, doing quick pilot testing, and then launching the products quickly using its extensive distribution network.

Sustainable margins compare to other players in Organizational Development industry

– Organizational Culture and Leadership Style: The Missing Combination for Selecting the Right Leader for Effective Crisis Management firm has clearly differentiated products in the market place. This has enabled Crisis Crlm to fetch slight price premium compare to the competitors in the Organizational Development industry. The sustainable margins have also helped Crisis Crlm to invest into research and development (R&D) and innovation.

High switching costs

– The high switching costs that Crisis Crlm has built up over years in its products and services combo offer has resulted in high retention of customers, lower marketing costs, and greater ability of the firm to focus on its customers.

Effective Research and Development (R&D)

– Crisis Crlm has innovation driven culture where significant part of the revenues are spent on the research and development activities. This has resulted in, as mentioned in case study Organizational Culture and Leadership Style: The Missing Combination for Selecting the Right Leader for Effective Crisis Management - staying ahead in the industry in terms of – new product launches, superior customer experience, highly competitive pricing strategies, and great returns to the shareholders.

Ability to lead change in Organizational Development field

– Crisis Crlm is one of the leading players in its industry. Over the years it has not only transformed the business landscape in its segment but also across the whole industry. The ability to lead change has enabled Crisis Crlm in – penetrating new markets, reaching out to new customers, and providing different value propositions to different customers in the international markets.

Superior customer experience

– The customer experience strategy of Crisis Crlm in the segment is based on four key concepts – personalization, simplification of complex needs, prompt response, and continuous engagement.

Diverse revenue streams

– Crisis Crlm is present in almost all the verticals within the industry. This has provided firm in Organizational Culture and Leadership Style: The Missing Combination for Selecting the Right Leader for Effective Crisis Management case study a diverse revenue stream that has helped it to survive disruptions such as global pandemic in Covid-19, financial disruption of 2008, and supply chain disruption of 2021.

Ability to recruit top talent

– Crisis Crlm is one of the leading recruiters in the industry. Managers in the Organizational Culture and Leadership Style: The Missing Combination for Selecting the Right Leader for Effective Crisis Management are in a position to attract the best talent available. The firm has a robust talent identification program that helps in identifying the brightest.

Digital Transformation in Organizational Development segment

- digital transformation varies from industry to industry. For Crisis Crlm digital transformation journey comprises differing goals based on market maturity, customer technology acceptance, and organizational culture. Crisis Crlm has successfully integrated the four key components of digital transformation – digital integration in processes, digital integration in marketing and customer relationship management, digital integration into the value chain, and using technology to explore new products and market opportunities.

Analytics focus

– Crisis Crlm is putting a lot of focus on utilizing the power of analytics in business decision making. This has put it among the leading players in the industry. The technology infrastructure suggested by Melissa R. Bowers, J. Reggie Hall, Mandyam M. Srinivasan can also help it to harness the power of analytics for – marketing optimization, demand forecasting, customer relationship management, inventory management, information sharing across the value chain etc.

Organizational Resilience of Crisis Crlm

– The covid-19 pandemic has put organizational resilience at the centre of everthing that Crisis Crlm does. Organizational resilience comprises - Financial Resilience, Operational Resilience, Technological Resilience, Organizational Resilience, Business Model Resilience, and Reputation Resilience.






Weaknesses Organizational Culture and Leadership Style: The Missing Combination for Selecting the Right Leader for Effective Crisis Management | Internal Strategic Factors
What are Weaknesses in SWOT Analysis / TOWS Matrix / Weighted SWOT Analysis

The weaknesses of Organizational Culture and Leadership Style: The Missing Combination for Selecting the Right Leader for Effective Crisis Management are -

Capital Spending Reduction

– Even during the low interest decade, Crisis Crlm has not been able to do capital spending to the tune of the competition. This has resulted into fewer innovations and company facing stiff competition from both existing competitors and new entrants who are disrupting the industry using digital technology.

Products dominated business model

– Even though Crisis Crlm has some of the most successful products in the industry, this business model has made each new product launch extremely critical for continuous financial growth of the organization. firm in the HBR case study - Organizational Culture and Leadership Style: The Missing Combination for Selecting the Right Leader for Effective Crisis Management should strive to include more intangible value offerings along with its core products and services.

Employees’ incomplete understanding of strategy

– From the instances in the HBR case study Organizational Culture and Leadership Style: The Missing Combination for Selecting the Right Leader for Effective Crisis Management, it seems that the employees of Crisis Crlm don’t have comprehensive understanding of the firm’s strategy. This is reflected in number of promotional campaigns over the last few years that had mixed messaging and competing priorities. Some of the strategic activities and services promoted in the promotional campaigns were not consistent with the organization’s strategy.

Compensation and incentives

– The revenue per employee as mentioned in the HBR case study Organizational Culture and Leadership Style: The Missing Combination for Selecting the Right Leader for Effective Crisis Management, is just above the industry average. Crisis Crlm needs to redesign the compensation structure and incentives to increase the revenue per employees. Some of the steps that it can take are – hiring more specialists on project basis, etc.

High dependence on star products

– The top 2 products and services of the firm as mentioned in the Organizational Culture and Leadership Style: The Missing Combination for Selecting the Right Leader for Effective Crisis Management HBR case study still accounts for major business revenue. This dependence on star products in has resulted into insufficient focus on developing new products, even though Crisis Crlm has relatively successful track record of launching new products.

Slow to strategic competitive environment developments

– As Organizational Culture and Leadership Style: The Missing Combination for Selecting the Right Leader for Effective Crisis Management HBR case study mentions - Crisis Crlm takes time to assess the upcoming competitions. This has led to missing out on atleast 2-3 big opportunities in the industry in last five years.

Low market penetration in new markets

– Outside its home market of Crisis Crlm, firm in the HBR case study Organizational Culture and Leadership Style: The Missing Combination for Selecting the Right Leader for Effective Crisis Management needs to spend more promotional, marketing, and advertising efforts to penetrate international markets.

Need for greater diversity

– Crisis Crlm has taken concrete steps on diversity, equity, and inclusion. But the efforts so far has resulted in limited success. It needs to expand the recruitment and selection process to hire more people from the minorities and underprivileged background.

No frontier risks strategy

– After analyzing the HBR case study Organizational Culture and Leadership Style: The Missing Combination for Selecting the Right Leader for Effective Crisis Management, it seems that company is thinking about the frontier risks that can impact Organizational Development strategy. But it has very little resources allocation to manage the risks emerging from events such as natural disasters, climate change, melting of permafrost, tacking the rise of artificial intelligence, opportunities and threats emerging from commercialization of space etc.

High cash cycle compare to competitors

Crisis Crlm has a high cash cycle compare to other players in the industry. It needs to shorten the cash cycle by 12% to be more competitive in the marketplace, reduce inventory costs, and be more profitable.

High operating costs

– Compare to the competitors, firm in the HBR case study Organizational Culture and Leadership Style: The Missing Combination for Selecting the Right Leader for Effective Crisis Management has high operating costs in the. This can be harder to sustain given the new emerging competition from nimble players who are using technology to attract Crisis Crlm 's lucrative customers.




Opportunities Organizational Culture and Leadership Style: The Missing Combination for Selecting the Right Leader for Effective Crisis Management | External Strategic Factors
What are Opportunities in the SWOT Analysis / TOWS Matrix / Weighted SWOT Analysis


The opportunities highlighted in the Harvard Business Review case study Organizational Culture and Leadership Style: The Missing Combination for Selecting the Right Leader for Effective Crisis Management are -

Harnessing reconfiguration of the global supply chains

– As the trade war between US and China heats up in the coming years, Crisis Crlm can build a diversified supply chain model across various countries in - South East Asia, India, and other parts of the world. This reconfiguration of global supply chain can help, as suggested in case study, Organizational Culture and Leadership Style: The Missing Combination for Selecting the Right Leader for Effective Crisis Management, to buy more products closer to the markets, and it can leverage its size and influence to get better deal from the local markets.

Buying journey improvements

– Crisis Crlm can improve the customer journey of consumers in the industry by using analytics and artificial intelligence. Organizational Culture and Leadership Style: The Missing Combination for Selecting the Right Leader for Effective Crisis Management suggest that firm can provide automated chats to help consumers solve their own problems, provide online suggestions to get maximum out of the products and services, and help consumers to build a community where they can interact with each other to develop new features and uses.

Changes in consumer behavior post Covid-19

– Consumer behavior has changed in the Organizational Development industry because of Covid-19 restrictions. Some of this behavior will stay once things get back to normal. Crisis Crlm can take advantage of these changes in consumer behavior to build a far more efficient business model. For example consumer regular ordering of products can reduce both last mile delivery costs and market penetration costs. Crisis Crlm can further use this consumer data to build better customer loyalty, provide better products and service collection, and improve the value proposition in inflationary times.

Low interest rates

– Even though inflation is raising its head in most developed economies, Crisis Crlm can still utilize the low interest rates to borrow money for capital investment. Secondly it can also use the increase of government spending in infrastructure projects to get new business.

Reforming the budgeting process

- By establishing new metrics that will be used to evaluate both existing and potential projects Crisis Crlm can not only reduce the costs of the project but also help it in integrating the projects with other processes within the organization.

Creating value in data economy

– The success of analytics program of Crisis Crlm has opened avenues for new revenue streams for the organization in the industry. This can help Crisis Crlm to build a more holistic ecosystem as suggested in the Organizational Culture and Leadership Style: The Missing Combination for Selecting the Right Leader for Effective Crisis Management case study. Crisis Crlm can build new products and services such as - data insight services, data privacy related products, data based consulting services, etc.

Lowering marketing communication costs

– 5G expansion will open new opportunities for Crisis Crlm in the field of marketing communication. It will bring down the cost of doing business, provide technology platform to build new products in the Organizational Development segment, and it will provide faster access to the consumers.

Leveraging digital technologies

– Crisis Crlm can leverage digital technologies such as artificial intelligence and machine learning to automate the production process, customer analytics to get better insights into consumer behavior, realtime digital dashboards to get better sales tracking, logistics and transportation, product tracking, etc.

Use of Bitcoin and other crypto currencies for transactions

– The popularity of Bitcoin and other crypto currencies as asset class and medium of transaction has opened new opportunities for Crisis Crlm in the consumer business. Now Crisis Crlm can target international markets with far fewer capital restrictions requirements than the existing system.

Building a culture of innovation

– managers at Crisis Crlm can make experimentation a productive activity and build a culture of innovation using approaches such as – mining transaction data, A/B testing of websites and selling platforms, engaging potential customers over various needs, and building on small ideas in the Organizational Development segment.

Developing new processes and practices

– Crisis Crlm can develop new processes and procedures in Organizational Development industry using technology such as automation using artificial intelligence, real time transportation and products tracking, 3D modeling for concept development and new products pilot testing etc.

Loyalty marketing

– Crisis Crlm has focused on building a highly responsive customer relationship management platform. This platform is built on in-house data and driven by analytics and artificial intelligence. The customer analytics can help the organization to fine tune its loyalty marketing efforts, increase the wallet share of the organization, reduce wastage on mainstream advertising spending, build better pricing strategies using personalization, etc.

Learning at scale

– Online learning technologies has now opened space for Crisis Crlm to conduct training and development for its employees across the world. This will result in not only reducing the cost of training but also help employees in different part of the world to integrate with the headquarter work culture, ethos, and standards.




Threats Organizational Culture and Leadership Style: The Missing Combination for Selecting the Right Leader for Effective Crisis Management External Strategic Factors
What are Threats in the SWOT Analysis / TOWS Matrix / Weighted SWOT Analysis


The threats mentioned in the HBR case study Organizational Culture and Leadership Style: The Missing Combination for Selecting the Right Leader for Effective Crisis Management are -

Stagnating economy with rate increase

– Crisis Crlm can face lack of demand in the market place because of Fed actions to reduce inflation. This can lead to sluggish growth in the economy, lower demands, lower investments, higher borrowing costs, and consolidation in the field.

Aging population

– As the populations of most advanced economies are aging, it will lead to high social security costs, higher savings among population, and lower demand for goods and services in the economy. The household savings in US, France, UK, Germany, and Japan are growing faster than predicted because of uncertainty caused by pandemic.

Instability in the European markets

– European Union markets are facing three big challenges post Covid – expanded balance sheets, Brexit related business disruption, and aggressive Russia looking to distract the existing security mechanism. Crisis Crlm will face different problems in different parts of Europe. For example it will face inflationary pressures in UK, France, and Germany, balance sheet expansion and demand challenges in Southern European countries, and geopolitical instability in the Eastern Europe.

Technology disruption because of hacks, piracy etc

– The colonial pipeline illustrated, how vulnerable modern organization are to international hackers, miscreants, and disruptors. The cyber security interruption, data leaks, etc can seriously jeopardize the future growth of the organization.

Increasing international competition and downward pressure on margins

– Apart from technology driven competitive advantage dilution, Crisis Crlm can face downward pressure on margins from increasing competition from international players. The international players have stable revenue in their home market and can use those resources to penetrate prominent markets illustrated in HBR case study Organizational Culture and Leadership Style: The Missing Combination for Selecting the Right Leader for Effective Crisis Management .

Learning curve for new practices

– As the technology based on artificial intelligence and machine learning platform is getting complex, as highlighted in case study Organizational Culture and Leadership Style: The Missing Combination for Selecting the Right Leader for Effective Crisis Management, Crisis Crlm may face longer learning curve for training and development of existing employees. This can open space for more nimble competitors in the field of Organizational Development .

Backlash against dominant players

– US Congress and other legislative arms of the government are getting tough on big business especially technology companies. The digital arm of Crisis Crlm business can come under increasing regulations regarding data privacy, data security, etc.

Shortening product life cycle

– it is one of the major threat that Crisis Crlm is facing in Organizational Development sector. It can lead to higher research and development costs, higher marketing expenses, lower customer loyalty, etc.

High level of anxiety and lack of motivation

– the Great Resignation in United States is the sign of broader dissatisfaction among the workforce in United States. Crisis Crlm needs to understand the core reasons impacting the Organizational Development industry. This will help it in building a better workplace.

New competition

– After the dotcom bust of 2001, financial crisis of 2008-09, the business formation in US economy had declined. But in 2020 alone, there are more than 1.5 million new business applications in United States. This can lead to greater competition for Crisis Crlm in the Organizational Development sector and impact the bottomline of the organization.

Consumer confidence and its impact on Crisis Crlm demand

– There is a high probability of declining consumer confidence, given – high inflammation rate, rise of gig economy, lower job stability, increasing cost of living, higher interest rates, and aging demography. All the factors contribute to people saving higher rate of their income, resulting in lower consumer demand in the industry and other sectors.

Capital market disruption

– During the Covid-19, Dow Jones has touched record high. The valuations of a number of companies are way beyond their existing business model potential. This can lead to capital market correction which can put a number of suppliers, collaborators, value chain partners in great financial difficulty. It will directly impact the business of Crisis Crlm.

Barriers of entry lowering

– As technology is more democratized, the barriers to entry in the industry are lowering. It can presents Crisis Crlm with greater competitive threats in the near to medium future. Secondly it will also put downward pressure on pricing throughout the sector.




Weighted SWOT Analysis of Organizational Culture and Leadership Style: The Missing Combination for Selecting the Right Leader for Effective Crisis Management Template, Example


Not all factors mentioned under the Strengths, Weakness, Opportunities, and Threats quadrants in the SWOT Analysis are equal. Managers in the HBR case study Organizational Culture and Leadership Style: The Missing Combination for Selecting the Right Leader for Effective Crisis Management needs to zero down on the relative importance of each factor mentioned in the Strengths, Weakness, Opportunities, and Threats quadrants. We can provide the relative importance to each factor by assigning relative weights. Weighted SWOT analysis process is a three stage process –

First stage for doing weighted SWOT analysis of the case study Organizational Culture and Leadership Style: The Missing Combination for Selecting the Right Leader for Effective Crisis Management is to rank the strengths and weaknesses of the organization. This will help you to assess the most important strengths and weaknesses of the firm and which one of the strengths and weaknesses mentioned in the initial lists are marginal and can be left out.

Second stage for conducting weighted SWOT analysis of the Harvard case study Organizational Culture and Leadership Style: The Missing Combination for Selecting the Right Leader for Effective Crisis Management is to give probabilities to the external strategic factors thus better understanding the opportunities and threats arising out of macro environment changes and developments.

Third stage of constructing weighted SWOT analysis of Organizational Culture and Leadership Style: The Missing Combination for Selecting the Right Leader for Effective Crisis Management is to provide strategic recommendations includes – joining likelihood of external strategic factors such as opportunities and threats to the internal strategic factors – strengths and weaknesses. You should start with external factors as they will provide the direction of the overall industry. Secondly by joining probabilities with internal strategic factors can help the company not only strategic fit but also the most probably strategic trade-off that Crisis Crlm needs to make to build a sustainable competitive advantage.



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