Organizational Culture and Leadership Style: The Missing Combination for Selecting the Right Leader for Effective Crisis Management SWOT Analysis / TOWS Matrix / Weighted SWOT Analysis

Case Study SWOT Analysis Solution

Case Study Description of Organizational Culture and Leadership Style: The Missing Combination for Selecting the Right Leader for Effective Crisis Management

Most organizations faced with a crisis will rely on the leader in place at that time to lead them out of the crisis, often with disastrous results. When the crisis gets out of hand, these organizations realize belatedly that the current leader does not necessarily possess the leadership style required to manage the crisis effectively. We present three crisis response leadership principles (CRLP) to help organizations successfully prepare for and manage a crisis. To accompany the CRLP, we provide the crisis response leadership matrix (CRLM), a prescriptive guide to help an organization improve its initial response and enhance the effectiveness of its crisis management efforts. Combining the element of organizational culture with individual leadership styles, the CRLM offers a standard methodology that allows organizations to match a given crisis with the best possible crisis response leader. We present a real-world case study that describes a successful implementation of the approach: the U.S. Air Force Taiwan-4 crisis. Organizations adopting this methodology can confidently choose the right person to lead a swift, effective response to a crisis.

Authors :: Melissa R. Bowers, J. Reggie Hall, Mandyam M. Srinivasan

Topics :: Organizational Development

Tags :: Leadership, Organizational culture, Risk management, SWOT Analysis, SWOT Matrix, TOWS, Weighted SWOT Analysis

Swot Analysis of "Organizational Culture and Leadership Style: The Missing Combination for Selecting the Right Leader for Effective Crisis Management" written by Melissa R. Bowers, J. Reggie Hall, Mandyam M. Srinivasan includes – strengths weakness that are internal strategic factors of the organization, and opportunities and threats that Crisis Crlm facing as an external strategic factors. Some of the topics covered in Organizational Culture and Leadership Style: The Missing Combination for Selecting the Right Leader for Effective Crisis Management case study are - Strategic Management Strategies, Leadership, Organizational culture, Risk management and Organizational Development.

Some of the macro environment factors that can be used to understand the Organizational Culture and Leadership Style: The Missing Combination for Selecting the Right Leader for Effective Crisis Management casestudy better are - – increasing household debt because of falling income levels, cloud computing is disrupting traditional business models, central banks are concerned over increasing inflation, geopolitical disruptions, increasing energy prices, increasing commodity prices, increasing transportation and logistics costs, supply chains are disrupted by pandemic , banking and financial system is disrupted by Bitcoin and other crypto currencies, etc

---

---

---

---

Introduction to SWOT Analysis of Organizational Culture and Leadership Style: The Missing Combination for Selecting the Right Leader for Effective Crisis Management

SWOT stands for an organization’s Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats . At Oak Spring University , we believe that protagonist in Organizational Culture and Leadership Style: The Missing Combination for Selecting the Right Leader for Effective Crisis Management case study can use SWOT analysis as a strategic management tool to assess the current internal strengths and weaknesses of the Crisis Crlm, and to figure out the opportunities and threats in the macro environment – technological, environmental, political, economic, social, demographic, etc in which Crisis Crlm operates in.

According to Harvard Business Review, 75% of the managers use SWOT analysis for various purposes such as – evaluating current scenario, strategic planning, new venture feasibility, personal growth goals, new market entry, Go To market strategies, portfolio management and strategic trade-off assessment, organizational restructuring, etc.

---

SWOT Objectives / Importance of SWOT Analysis and SWOT Matrix

SWOT analysis of Organizational Culture and Leadership Style: The Missing Combination for Selecting the Right Leader for Effective Crisis Management can be done for the following purposes –
1. Strategic planning using facts provided in Organizational Culture and Leadership Style: The Missing Combination for Selecting the Right Leader for Effective Crisis Management case study
2. Improving business portfolio management of Crisis Crlm
3. Assessing feasibility of the new initiative in Organizational Development field.
4. Making a Organizational Development topic specific business decision
5. Set goals for the organization
6. Organizational restructuring of Crisis Crlm

---

Strengths Organizational Culture and Leadership Style: The Missing Combination for Selecting the Right Leader for Effective Crisis Management | Internal Strategic Factors
What are Strengths in SWOT Analysis / TOWS Matrix / Weighted SWOT Analysis

The strengths of Crisis Crlm in Organizational Culture and Leadership Style: The Missing Combination for Selecting the Right Leader for Effective Crisis Management Harvard Business Review case study are -

Strong track record of project management

– Crisis Crlm is known for sticking to its project targets. This enables the firm to manage – time, project costs, and have sustainable margins on the projects.

Learning organization

- Crisis Crlm is a learning organization. It has inculcated three key characters of learning organization in its processes and operations – exploration, creativity, and expansiveness. The work place at Crisis Crlm is open place that encourages instructiveness, ideation, open minded discussions, and creativity. Employees and leaders in Organizational Culture and Leadership Style: The Missing Combination for Selecting the Right Leader for Effective Crisis Management Harvard Business Review case study emphasize – knowledge, initiative, and innovation.

Highly skilled collaborators

– Crisis Crlm has highly efficient outsourcing and offshoring strategy. It has resulted in greater operational flexibility and bringing down the costs in highly price sensitive segment. Secondly the value chain collaborators of the firm in Organizational Culture and Leadership Style: The Missing Combination for Selecting the Right Leader for Effective Crisis Management HBR case study have helped the firm to develop new products and bring them quickly to the marketplace.

Innovation driven organization

– Crisis Crlm is one of the most innovative firm in sector. Manager in Organizational Culture and Leadership Style: The Missing Combination for Selecting the Right Leader for Effective Crisis Management Harvard Business Review case study can use Clayton Christensen Disruptive Innovation strategies to further increase the scale of innovtions in the organization.

Organizational Resilience of Crisis Crlm

– The covid-19 pandemic has put organizational resilience at the centre of everthing that Crisis Crlm does. Organizational resilience comprises - Financial Resilience, Operational Resilience, Technological Resilience, Organizational Resilience, Business Model Resilience, and Reputation Resilience.

High brand equity

– Crisis Crlm has strong brand awareness and brand recognition among both - the exiting customers and potential new customers. Strong brand equity has enabled Crisis Crlm to keep acquiring new customers and building profitable relationship with both the new and loyal customers.

High switching costs

– The high switching costs that Crisis Crlm has built up over years in its products and services combo offer has resulted in high retention of customers, lower marketing costs, and greater ability of the firm to focus on its customers.

Effective Research and Development (R&D)

– Crisis Crlm has innovation driven culture where significant part of the revenues are spent on the research and development activities. This has resulted in, as mentioned in case study Organizational Culture and Leadership Style: The Missing Combination for Selecting the Right Leader for Effective Crisis Management - staying ahead in the industry in terms of – new product launches, superior customer experience, highly competitive pricing strategies, and great returns to the shareholders.

Sustainable margins compare to other players in Organizational Development industry

– Organizational Culture and Leadership Style: The Missing Combination for Selecting the Right Leader for Effective Crisis Management firm has clearly differentiated products in the market place. This has enabled Crisis Crlm to fetch slight price premium compare to the competitors in the Organizational Development industry. The sustainable margins have also helped Crisis Crlm to invest into research and development (R&D) and innovation.

Cross disciplinary teams

– Horizontal connected teams at the Crisis Crlm are driving operational speed, building greater agility, and keeping the organization nimble to compete with new competitors. It helps are organization to ideate new ideas, and execute them swiftly in the marketplace.

Ability to lead change in Organizational Development field

– Crisis Crlm is one of the leading players in its industry. Over the years it has not only transformed the business landscape in its segment but also across the whole industry. The ability to lead change has enabled Crisis Crlm in – penetrating new markets, reaching out to new customers, and providing different value propositions to different customers in the international markets.

Superior customer experience

– The customer experience strategy of Crisis Crlm in the segment is based on four key concepts – personalization, simplification of complex needs, prompt response, and continuous engagement.

---

---

Weaknesses Organizational Culture and Leadership Style: The Missing Combination for Selecting the Right Leader for Effective Crisis Management | Internal Strategic Factors
What are Weaknesses in SWOT Analysis / TOWS Matrix / Weighted SWOT Analysis

The weaknesses of Organizational Culture and Leadership Style: The Missing Combination for Selecting the Right Leader for Effective Crisis Management are -

Capital Spending Reduction

– Even during the low interest decade, Crisis Crlm has not been able to do capital spending to the tune of the competition. This has resulted into fewer innovations and company facing stiff competition from both existing competitors and new entrants who are disrupting the industry using digital technology.

High operating costs

– Compare to the competitors, firm in the HBR case study Organizational Culture and Leadership Style: The Missing Combination for Selecting the Right Leader for Effective Crisis Management has high operating costs in the. This can be harder to sustain given the new emerging competition from nimble players who are using technology to attract Crisis Crlm 's lucrative customers.

Slow decision making process

– As mentioned earlier in the report, Crisis Crlm has a very deliberative decision making approach. This approach has resulted in prudent decisions, but it has also resulted in missing opportunities in the industry over the last five years. Crisis Crlm even though has strong showing on digital transformation primary two stages, it has struggled to capitalize the power of digital transformation in marketing efforts and new venture efforts.

No frontier risks strategy

– After analyzing the HBR case study Organizational Culture and Leadership Style: The Missing Combination for Selecting the Right Leader for Effective Crisis Management, it seems that company is thinking about the frontier risks that can impact Organizational Development strategy. But it has very little resources allocation to manage the risks emerging from events such as natural disasters, climate change, melting of permafrost, tacking the rise of artificial intelligence, opportunities and threats emerging from commercialization of space etc.

High cash cycle compare to competitors

Crisis Crlm has a high cash cycle compare to other players in the industry. It needs to shorten the cash cycle by 12% to be more competitive in the marketplace, reduce inventory costs, and be more profitable.

Increasing silos among functional specialists

– The organizational structure of Crisis Crlm is dominated by functional specialists. It is not different from other players in the Organizational Development segment. Crisis Crlm needs to de-silo the office environment to harness the true potential of its workforce. Secondly the de-silo will also help Crisis Crlm to focus more on services rather than just following the product oriented approach.

Lack of clear differentiation of Crisis Crlm products

– To increase the profitability and margins on the products, Crisis Crlm needs to provide more differentiated products than what it is currently offering in the marketplace.

Employees’ incomplete understanding of strategy

– From the instances in the HBR case study Organizational Culture and Leadership Style: The Missing Combination for Selecting the Right Leader for Effective Crisis Management, it seems that the employees of Crisis Crlm don’t have comprehensive understanding of the firm’s strategy. This is reflected in number of promotional campaigns over the last few years that had mixed messaging and competing priorities. Some of the strategic activities and services promoted in the promotional campaigns were not consistent with the organization’s strategy.

High dependence on star products

– The top 2 products and services of the firm as mentioned in the Organizational Culture and Leadership Style: The Missing Combination for Selecting the Right Leader for Effective Crisis Management HBR case study still accounts for major business revenue. This dependence on star products in has resulted into insufficient focus on developing new products, even though Crisis Crlm has relatively successful track record of launching new products.

Ability to respond to the competition

– As the decision making is very deliberative, highlighted in the case study Organizational Culture and Leadership Style: The Missing Combination for Selecting the Right Leader for Effective Crisis Management, in the dynamic environment Crisis Crlm has struggled to respond to the nimble upstart competition. Crisis Crlm has reasonably good record with similar level competitors but it has struggled with new entrants taking away niches of its business.

Interest costs

– Compare to the competition, Crisis Crlm has borrowed money from the capital market at higher rates. It needs to restructure the interest payment and costs so that it can compete better and improve profitability.

---

Opportunities Organizational Culture and Leadership Style: The Missing Combination for Selecting the Right Leader for Effective Crisis Management | External Strategic Factors
What are Opportunities in the SWOT Analysis / TOWS Matrix / Weighted SWOT Analysis

The opportunities highlighted in the Harvard Business Review case study Organizational Culture and Leadership Style: The Missing Combination for Selecting the Right Leader for Effective Crisis Management are -

Buying journey improvements

– Crisis Crlm can improve the customer journey of consumers in the industry by using analytics and artificial intelligence. Organizational Culture and Leadership Style: The Missing Combination for Selecting the Right Leader for Effective Crisis Management suggest that firm can provide automated chats to help consumers solve their own problems, provide online suggestions to get maximum out of the products and services, and help consumers to build a community where they can interact with each other to develop new features and uses.

Learning at scale

– Online learning technologies has now opened space for Crisis Crlm to conduct training and development for its employees across the world. This will result in not only reducing the cost of training but also help employees in different part of the world to integrate with the headquarter work culture, ethos, and standards.

Changes in consumer behavior post Covid-19

– Consumer behavior has changed in the Organizational Development industry because of Covid-19 restrictions. Some of this behavior will stay once things get back to normal. Crisis Crlm can take advantage of these changes in consumer behavior to build a far more efficient business model. For example consumer regular ordering of products can reduce both last mile delivery costs and market penetration costs. Crisis Crlm can further use this consumer data to build better customer loyalty, provide better products and service collection, and improve the value proposition in inflationary times.

Loyalty marketing

– Crisis Crlm has focused on building a highly responsive customer relationship management platform. This platform is built on in-house data and driven by analytics and artificial intelligence. The customer analytics can help the organization to fine tune its loyalty marketing efforts, increase the wallet share of the organization, reduce wastage on mainstream advertising spending, build better pricing strategies using personalization, etc.

Using analytics as competitive advantage

– Crisis Crlm has spent a significant amount of money and effort to integrate analytics and machine learning into its operations in the sector. This continuous investment in analytics has enabled, as illustrated in the Harvard case study Organizational Culture and Leadership Style: The Missing Combination for Selecting the Right Leader for Effective Crisis Management - to build a competitive advantage using analytics. The analytics driven competitive advantage can help Crisis Crlm to build faster Go To Market strategies, better consumer insights, developing relevant product features, and building a highly efficient supply chain.

Use of Bitcoin and other crypto currencies for transactions

– The popularity of Bitcoin and other crypto currencies as asset class and medium of transaction has opened new opportunities for Crisis Crlm in the consumer business. Now Crisis Crlm can target international markets with far fewer capital restrictions requirements than the existing system.

Better consumer reach

– The expansion of the 5G network will help Crisis Crlm to increase its market reach. Crisis Crlm will be able to reach out to new customers. Secondly 5G will also provide technology framework to build new tools and products that can help more immersive consumer experience and faster consumer journey.

Identify volunteer opportunities

– Covid-19 has impacted working population in two ways – it has led to people soul searching about their professional choices, resulting in mass resignation. Secondly it has encouraged people to do things that they are passionate about. This has opened opportunities for businesses to build volunteer oriented socially driven projects. Crisis Crlm can explore opportunities that can attract volunteers and are consistent with its mission and vision.

Increase in government spending

– As the United States and other governments are increasing social spending and infrastructure spending to build economies post Covid-19, Crisis Crlm can use these opportunities to build new business models that can help the communities that Crisis Crlm operates in. Secondly it can use opportunities from government spending in Organizational Development sector.

Creating value in data economy

– The success of analytics program of Crisis Crlm has opened avenues for new revenue streams for the organization in the industry. This can help Crisis Crlm to build a more holistic ecosystem as suggested in the Organizational Culture and Leadership Style: The Missing Combination for Selecting the Right Leader for Effective Crisis Management case study. Crisis Crlm can build new products and services such as - data insight services, data privacy related products, data based consulting services, etc.

Reforming the budgeting process

- By establishing new metrics that will be used to evaluate both existing and potential projects Crisis Crlm can not only reduce the costs of the project but also help it in integrating the projects with other processes within the organization.

Redefining models of collaboration and team work

– As explained in the weaknesses section, Crisis Crlm is facing challenges because of the dominance of functional experts in the organization. Organizational Culture and Leadership Style: The Missing Combination for Selecting the Right Leader for Effective Crisis Management case study suggests that firm can utilize new technology to build more coordinated teams and streamline operations and communications using tools such as CAD, Zoom, etc.

Reconfiguring business model

– The expansion of digital payment system, the bringing down of international transactions costs using Bitcoin and other blockchain based currencies, etc can help Crisis Crlm to reconfigure its entire business model. For example it can used blockchain based technologies to reduce piracy of its products in the big markets such as China. Secondly it can use the popularity of e-commerce in various developing markets to build a Direct to Customer business model rather than the current Channel Heavy distribution network.

---

Threats Organizational Culture and Leadership Style: The Missing Combination for Selecting the Right Leader for Effective Crisis Management External Strategic Factors
What are Threats in the SWOT Analysis / TOWS Matrix / Weighted SWOT Analysis

The threats mentioned in the HBR case study Organizational Culture and Leadership Style: The Missing Combination for Selecting the Right Leader for Effective Crisis Management are -

Increasing wage structure of Crisis Crlm

– Post Covid-19 there is a sharp increase in the wages especially in the jobs that require interaction with people. The increasing wages can put downward pressure on the margins of Crisis Crlm.

Environmental challenges

– Crisis Crlm needs to have a robust strategy against the disruptions arising from climate change and energy requirements. EU has identified it as key priority area and spending 30% of its 880 billion Euros European post Covid-19 recovery funds on green technology. Crisis Crlm can take advantage of this fund but it will also bring new competitors in the Organizational Development industry.

Learning curve for new practices

– As the technology based on artificial intelligence and machine learning platform is getting complex, as highlighted in case study Organizational Culture and Leadership Style: The Missing Combination for Selecting the Right Leader for Effective Crisis Management, Crisis Crlm may face longer learning curve for training and development of existing employees. This can open space for more nimble competitors in the field of Organizational Development .

High dependence on third party suppliers

– Crisis Crlm high dependence on third party suppliers can disrupt its processes and delivery mechanism. For example -the current troubles of car makers because of chip shortage is because the chip companies started producing chips for electronic companies rather than car manufacturers.

Increasing international competition and downward pressure on margins

– Apart from technology driven competitive advantage dilution, Crisis Crlm can face downward pressure on margins from increasing competition from international players. The international players have stable revenue in their home market and can use those resources to penetrate prominent markets illustrated in HBR case study Organizational Culture and Leadership Style: The Missing Combination for Selecting the Right Leader for Effective Crisis Management .

Capital market disruption

– During the Covid-19, Dow Jones has touched record high. The valuations of a number of companies are way beyond their existing business model potential. This can lead to capital market correction which can put a number of suppliers, collaborators, value chain partners in great financial difficulty. It will directly impact the business of Crisis Crlm.

Technology acceleration in Forth Industrial Revolution

– Crisis Crlm has witnessed rapid integration of technology during Covid-19 in the Organizational Development industry. As one of the leading players in the industry, Crisis Crlm needs to keep up with the evolution of technology in the Organizational Development sector. According to Mckinsey study top managers believe that the adoption of technology in operations, communications is 20-25 times faster than what they planned in the beginning of 2019.

Aging population

– As the populations of most advanced economies are aging, it will lead to high social security costs, higher savings among population, and lower demand for goods and services in the economy. The household savings in US, France, UK, Germany, and Japan are growing faster than predicted because of uncertainty caused by pandemic.

Regulatory challenges

– Crisis Crlm needs to prepare for regulatory challenges as consumer protection groups and other pressure groups are vigorously advocating for more regulations on big business - to reduce inequality, to create a level playing field, to product data privacy and consumer privacy, to reduce the influence of big money on democratic institutions, etc. This can lead to significant changes in the Organizational Development industry regulations.

Consumer confidence and its impact on Crisis Crlm demand

– There is a high probability of declining consumer confidence, given – high inflammation rate, rise of gig economy, lower job stability, increasing cost of living, higher interest rates, and aging demography. All the factors contribute to people saving higher rate of their income, resulting in lower consumer demand in the industry and other sectors.

New competition

– After the dotcom bust of 2001, financial crisis of 2008-09, the business formation in US economy had declined. But in 2020 alone, there are more than 1.5 million new business applications in United States. This can lead to greater competition for Crisis Crlm in the Organizational Development sector and impact the bottomline of the organization.

Backlash against dominant players

– US Congress and other legislative arms of the government are getting tough on big business especially technology companies. The digital arm of Crisis Crlm business can come under increasing regulations regarding data privacy, data security, etc.

Easy access to finance

– Easy access to finance in Organizational Development field will also reduce the barriers to entry in the industry, thus putting downward pressure on the prices because of increasing competition. Crisis Crlm can utilize it by borrowing at lower rates and invest it into research and development, capital expenditure to fortify its core competitive advantage.

---

Weighted SWOT Analysis of Organizational Culture and Leadership Style: The Missing Combination for Selecting the Right Leader for Effective Crisis Management Template, Example

Not all factors mentioned under the Strengths, Weakness, Opportunities, and Threats quadrants in the SWOT Analysis are equal. Managers in the HBR case study Organizational Culture and Leadership Style: The Missing Combination for Selecting the Right Leader for Effective Crisis Management needs to zero down on the relative importance of each factor mentioned in the Strengths, Weakness, Opportunities, and Threats quadrants. We can provide the relative importance to each factor by assigning relative weights. Weighted SWOT analysis process is a three stage process –

First stage for doing weighted SWOT analysis of the case study Organizational Culture and Leadership Style: The Missing Combination for Selecting the Right Leader for Effective Crisis Management is to rank the strengths and weaknesses of the organization. This will help you to assess the most important strengths and weaknesses of the firm and which one of the strengths and weaknesses mentioned in the initial lists are marginal and can be left out.

Second stage for conducting weighted SWOT analysis of the Harvard case study Organizational Culture and Leadership Style: The Missing Combination for Selecting the Right Leader for Effective Crisis Management is to give probabilities to the external strategic factors thus better understanding the opportunities and threats arising out of macro environment changes and developments.

Third stage of constructing weighted SWOT analysis of Organizational Culture and Leadership Style: The Missing Combination for Selecting the Right Leader for Effective Crisis Management is to provide strategic recommendations includes – joining likelihood of external strategic factors such as opportunities and threats to the internal strategic factors – strengths and weaknesses. You should start with external factors as they will provide the direction of the overall industry. Secondly by joining probabilities with internal strategic factors can help the company not only strategic fit but also the most probably strategic trade-off that Crisis Crlm needs to make to build a sustainable competitive advantage.

--- ---