The Hunger Games: Catching Fire: Using Digital and Social Media for Brand Storytelling Net Present Value (NPV) / MBA Resources

Introduction to Net Present Value (NPV) - What is Net Present Value (NPV) ? How it impacts financial decisions regarding project management?

NPV solution for The Hunger Games: Catching Fire: Using Digital and Social Media for Brand Storytelling case study

At Oak Spring University, we provide corporate level professional Net Present Value (NPV) case study solution. The Hunger Games: Catching Fire: Using Digital and Social Media for Brand Storytelling case study is a Harvard Business School (HBR) case study written by Mohanbir Sawhney, Pallavi Goodman. The The Hunger Games: Catching Fire: Using Digital and Social Media for Brand Storytelling (referred as “Lionsgate Hunger” from here on) case study provides evaluation & decision scenario in field of Sales & Marketing. It also touches upon business topics such as - Value proposition, Social platforms.

The net present value (NPV) of an investment proposal is the present value of the proposal’s net cash flows less the proposal’s initial cash outflow. If a project’s NPV is greater than or equal to zero, the project should be accepted.

NPV = Present Value of Future Cash Flows LESS Project’s Initial Investment

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Case Description of The Hunger Games: Catching Fire: Using Digital and Social Media for Brand Storytelling Case Study

After the successful release of the first Hunger Games film in 2012, the film's distributor, Lionsgate, was preparing to release the next movie in the series, Hunger Games: Catching Fire. Fan expectations had grown after the success of Hunger Games and Lionsgate faced the challenge of keeping moviegoers interested and engaged in another Hunger Games movie. In an era marked by the rising popularity of digital and social media, Lionsgate knew that attracting fans to a sequel meant pushing the boundaries of traditional marketing tactics. Digital brand storytelling is about using digital media in a holistic way to tell a brand story and build excitement for an audience. Brand storytelling seeks to make a connection with the audience by giving them an emotional experience that resonates with them. While Lionsgate was aware that traditional marketing would need to be blended with a digital campaign to bring in moviegoers, it also needed to strike a careful balance between the two and choose the appropriate platforms to tell a cohesive story. Should Lionsgate launch a brand storytelling campaign to appeal to fans? Lionsgate's comparatively small marketing team gathered to brainstorm about how to execute such a campaign and position the film for another big success.

Case Authors : Mohanbir Sawhney, Pallavi Goodman

Topic : Sales & Marketing

Related Areas : Social platforms

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Calculating Net Present Value (NPV) at 6% for The Hunger Games: Catching Fire: Using Digital and Social Media for Brand Storytelling Case Study

Years	Cash Flow	Net Cash Flow	Cumulative     Cash Flow	Discount Rate @ 6 %	Discounted Cash Flows
Year 0	(10018719)	-10018719	-	-
Year 1	3446670	-6572049	3446670	0.9434	3251575
Year 2	3980329	-2591720	7426999	0.89	3542479
Year 3	3940547	1348827	11367546	0.8396	3308559
Year 4	3229031	4577858	14596577	0.7921	2557695
TOTAL			14596577		12660308

The Net Present Value at 6% discount rate is 2641589

In isolation the NPV number doesn't mean much but put in right context then it is one of the best method to evaluate project returns. In this article we will cover -

Different methods of capital budgeting

What is NPV & Formula of NPV,
How it is calculated,
How to use NPV number for project evaluation, and
Scenario Planning given risks and management priorities.

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Capital Budgeting Approaches

Methods of Capital Budgeting

There are four types of capital budgeting techniques that are widely used in the corporate world –

1. Internal Rate of Return
2. Net Present Value
3. Profitability Index
4. Payback Period

Apart from the Payback period method which is an additive method, rest of the methods are based on Discounted Cash Flow technique. Even though cash flow can be calculated based on the nature of the project, for the simplicity of the article we are assuming that all the expected cash flows are realized at the end of the year.

Discounted Cash Flow approaches provide a more objective basis for evaluating and selecting investment projects. They take into consideration both –

1. Magnitude of both incoming and outgoing cash flows – Projects can be capital intensive, time intensive, or both. Lionsgate Hunger shareholders have preference for diversified projects investment rather than prospective high income from a single capital intensive project.
2. Timing of the expected cash flows – stockholders of Lionsgate Hunger have higher preference for cash returns over 4-5 years rather than 10-15 years given the nature of the volatility in the industry.

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Formula and Steps to Calculate Net Present Value (NPV) of The Hunger Games: Catching Fire: Using Digital and Social Media for Brand Storytelling

NPV = Net Cash In Flowt1 / (1+r)t1 + Net Cash In Flowt2 / (1+r)t2 + … Net Cash In Flowtn / (1+r)tn
Less Net Cash Out Flowt0 / (1+r)t0

Where t = time period, in this case year 1, year 2 and so on.
r = discount rate or return that could be earned using other safe proposition such as fixed deposit or treasury bond rate. Net Cash In Flow – What the firm will get each year.
Net Cash Out Flow – What the firm needs to invest initially in the project.

Step 1 – Understand the nature of the project and calculate cash flow for each year.
Step 2 – Discount those cash flow based on the discount rate.
Step 3 – Add all the discounted cash flow.
Step 4 – Selection of the project

Why Sales & Marketing Managers need to know Financial Tools such as Net Present Value (NPV)?

In our daily workplace we often come across people and colleagues who are just focused on their core competency and targets they have to deliver. For example marketing managers at Lionsgate Hunger often design programs whose objective is to drive brand awareness and customer reach. But how that 30 point increase in brand awareness or 10 point increase in customer touch points will result into shareholders’ value is not specified.

To overcome such scenarios managers at Lionsgate Hunger needs to not only know the financial aspect of project management but also needs to have tools to integrate them into part of the project development and monitoring plan.

Calculating Net Present Value (NPV) at 15%

After working through various assumptions we reached a conclusion that risk is far higher than 6%. In a reasonably stable industry with weak competition - 15% discount rate can be a good benchmark.

Years	Cash Flow	Net Cash Flow	Cumulative     Cash Flow	Discount Rate @ 15 %	Discounted Cash Flows
Year 0	(10018719)	-10018719	-	-
Year 1	3446670	-6572049	3446670	0.8696	2997104
Year 2	3980329	-2591720	7426999	0.7561	3009701
Year 3	3940547	1348827	11367546	0.6575	2590974
Year 4	3229031	4577858	14596577	0.5718	1846209
TOTAL					10443987

The Net NPV after 4 years is 425268

(10443987 - 10018719 )

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Calculating Net Present Value (NPV) at 20%

If the risk component is high in the industry then we should go for a higher hurdle rate / discount rate of 20%.

Years	Cash Flow	Net Cash Flow	Cumulative     Cash Flow	Discount Rate @ 20 %	Discounted Cash Flows
Year 0	(10018719)	-10018719	-	-
Year 1	3446670	-6572049	3446670	0.8333	2872225
Year 2	3980329	-2591720	7426999	0.6944	2764117
Year 3	3940547	1348827	11367546	0.5787	2280409
Year 4	3229031	4577858	14596577	0.4823	1557210
TOTAL					9473962

The Net NPV after 4 years is -544757

At 20% discount rate the NPV is negative (9473962 - 10018719 ) so ideally we can't select the project if macro and micro factors don't allow financial managers of Lionsgate Hunger to discount cash flow at lower discount rates such as 15%.

Acceptance Criteria of a Project based on NPV

Simplest Approach – If the investment project of Lionsgate Hunger has a NPV value higher than Zero then finance managers at Lionsgate Hunger can ACCEPT the project, otherwise they can reject the project. This means that project will deliver higher returns over the period of time than any alternate investment strategy.

In theory if the required rate of return or discount rate is chosen correctly by finance managers at Lionsgate Hunger, then the stock price of the Lionsgate Hunger should change by same amount of the NPV. In real world we know that share price also reflects various other factors that can be related to both macro and micro environment.

In the same vein – accepting the project with zero NPV should result in stagnant share price. Finance managers use discount rates as a measure of risk components in the project execution process.

Sensitivity Analysis

Project selection is often a far more complex decision than just choosing it based on the NPV number. Finance managers at Lionsgate Hunger should conduct a sensitivity analysis to better understand not only the inherent risk of the projects but also how those risks can be either factored in or mitigated during the project execution. Sensitivity analysis helps in –

What will be a multi year spillover effect of various taxation regulations.

Understanding of risks involved in the project.

What can impact the cash flow of the project.

What are the key aspects of the projects that need to be monitored, refined, and retuned for continuous delivery of projected cash flows.

What are the uncertainties surrounding the project Initial Cash Outlay (ICO’s). ICO’s often have several different components such as land, machinery, building, and other equipment.

Some of the assumptions while using the Discounted Cash Flow Methods –

Projects are assumed to be Mutually Exclusive – This is seldom the came in modern day giant organizations where projects are often inter-related and rejecting a project solely based on NPV can result in sunk cost from a related project.

Independent projects have independent cash flows – As explained in the marketing project – though the project may look independent but in reality it is not as the brand awareness project can be closely associated with the spending on sales promotions and product specific advertising.

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Negotiation Strategy of The Hunger Games: Catching Fire: Using Digital and Social Media for Brand Storytelling

References & Further Readings

Mohanbir Sawhney, Pallavi Goodman (2018), "The Hunger Games: Catching Fire: Using Digital and Social Media for Brand Storytelling Harvard Business Review Case Study. Published by HBR Publications.