Conflict Over Leadership and Succession in a Successful Family Business: The Lakkard Leather Company Net Present Value (NPV) / MBA Resources

Introduction to Net Present Value (NPV) - What is Net Present Value (NPV) ? How it impacts financial decisions regarding project management?

NPV solution for Conflict Over Leadership and Succession in a Successful Family Business: The Lakkard Leather Company case study

At Oak Spring University, we provide corporate level professional Net Present Value (NPV) case study solution. Conflict Over Leadership and Succession in a Successful Family Business: The Lakkard Leather Company case study is a Harvard Business School (HBR) case study written by Simon Parker, Matthias Tietz. The Conflict Over Leadership and Succession in a Successful Family Business: The Lakkard Leather Company (referred as “Lakkard Son” from here on) case study provides evaluation & decision scenario in field of Innovation & Entrepreneurship. It also touches upon business topics such as - Value proposition, .

The net present value (NPV) of an investment proposal is the present value of the proposal’s net cash flows less the proposal’s initial cash outflow. If a project’s NPV is greater than or equal to zero, the project should be accepted.

NPV = Present Value of Future Cash Flows LESS Project’s Initial Investment

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Case Description of Conflict Over Leadership and Succession in a Successful Family Business: The Lakkard Leather Company Case Study

The founder of Lakkard Leather Company has headed the company for 24 years. He is proud of his business, and attributes much of its success to his own leadership style, which did not allow for anyone else's participation in decisions of substance. When he was badly injured in a car accident, his son stepped in and kept the business going. Without any intention to take over, the son altered the leadership and operations of the company in the space of a few months, so that by the time the founder returned, the company had changed and his role was significantly reduced. The son, in the meantime, grew to like his interim position and believed he did a better job than his father. Both men become locked in a power struggle; yet the company faced several key decisions that had to be taken in terms of expansion, product offering and sale opportunities.

Case Authors : Simon Parker, Matthias Tietz

Topic : Innovation & Entrepreneurship

Related Areas :

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Calculating Net Present Value (NPV) at 6% for Conflict Over Leadership and Succession in a Successful Family Business: The Lakkard Leather Company Case Study

Years	Cash Flow	Net Cash Flow	Cumulative     Cash Flow	Discount Rate @ 6 %	Discounted Cash Flows
Year 0	(10001888)	-10001888	-	-
Year 1	3468507	-6533381	3468507	0.9434	3272176
Year 2	3979491	-2553890	7447998	0.89	3541733
Year 3	3957623	1403733	11405621	0.8396	3322897
Year 4	3246950	4650683	14652571	0.7921	2571889
TOTAL			14652571		12708694

The Net Present Value at 6% discount rate is 2706806

In isolation the NPV number doesn't mean much but put in right context then it is one of the best method to evaluate project returns. In this article we will cover -

Different methods of capital budgeting

What is NPV & Formula of NPV,
How it is calculated,
How to use NPV number for project evaluation, and
Scenario Planning given risks and management priorities.

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Capital Budgeting Approaches

Methods of Capital Budgeting

There are four types of capital budgeting techniques that are widely used in the corporate world –

1. Internal Rate of Return
2. Payback Period
3. Net Present Value
4. Profitability Index

Apart from the Payback period method which is an additive method, rest of the methods are based on Discounted Cash Flow technique. Even though cash flow can be calculated based on the nature of the project, for the simplicity of the article we are assuming that all the expected cash flows are realized at the end of the year.

Discounted Cash Flow approaches provide a more objective basis for evaluating and selecting investment projects. They take into consideration both –

1. Magnitude of both incoming and outgoing cash flows – Projects can be capital intensive, time intensive, or both. Lakkard Son shareholders have preference for diversified projects investment rather than prospective high income from a single capital intensive project.
2. Timing of the expected cash flows – stockholders of Lakkard Son have higher preference for cash returns over 4-5 years rather than 10-15 years given the nature of the volatility in the industry.

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Formula and Steps to Calculate Net Present Value (NPV) of Conflict Over Leadership and Succession in a Successful Family Business: The Lakkard Leather Company

NPV = Net Cash In Flowt1 / (1+r)t1 + Net Cash In Flowt2 / (1+r)t2 + … Net Cash In Flowtn / (1+r)tn
Less Net Cash Out Flowt0 / (1+r)t0

Where t = time period, in this case year 1, year 2 and so on.
r = discount rate or return that could be earned using other safe proposition such as fixed deposit or treasury bond rate. Net Cash In Flow – What the firm will get each year.
Net Cash Out Flow – What the firm needs to invest initially in the project.

Step 1 – Understand the nature of the project and calculate cash flow for each year.
Step 2 – Discount those cash flow based on the discount rate.
Step 3 – Add all the discounted cash flow.
Step 4 – Selection of the project

Why Innovation & Entrepreneurship Managers need to know Financial Tools such as Net Present Value (NPV)?

In our daily workplace we often come across people and colleagues who are just focused on their core competency and targets they have to deliver. For example marketing managers at Lakkard Son often design programs whose objective is to drive brand awareness and customer reach. But how that 30 point increase in brand awareness or 10 point increase in customer touch points will result into shareholders’ value is not specified.

To overcome such scenarios managers at Lakkard Son needs to not only know the financial aspect of project management but also needs to have tools to integrate them into part of the project development and monitoring plan.

Calculating Net Present Value (NPV) at 15%

After working through various assumptions we reached a conclusion that risk is far higher than 6%. In a reasonably stable industry with weak competition - 15% discount rate can be a good benchmark.

Years	Cash Flow	Net Cash Flow	Cumulative     Cash Flow	Discount Rate @ 15 %	Discounted Cash Flows
Year 0	(10001888)	-10001888	-	-
Year 1	3468507	-6533381	3468507	0.8696	3016093
Year 2	3979491	-2553890	7447998	0.7561	3009067
Year 3	3957623	1403733	11405621	0.6575	2602201
Year 4	3246950	4650683	14652571	0.5718	1856454
TOTAL					10483816

The Net NPV after 4 years is 481928

(10483816 - 10001888 )

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Calculating Net Present Value (NPV) at 20%

If the risk component is high in the industry then we should go for a higher hurdle rate / discount rate of 20%.

Years	Cash Flow	Net Cash Flow	Cumulative     Cash Flow	Discount Rate @ 20 %	Discounted Cash Flows
Year 0	(10001888)	-10001888	-	-
Year 1	3468507	-6533381	3468507	0.8333	2890423
Year 2	3979491	-2553890	7447998	0.6944	2763535
Year 3	3957623	1403733	11405621	0.5787	2290291
Year 4	3246950	4650683	14652571	0.4823	1565852
TOTAL					9510101

The Net NPV after 4 years is -491787

At 20% discount rate the NPV is negative (9510101 - 10001888 ) so ideally we can't select the project if macro and micro factors don't allow financial managers of Lakkard Son to discount cash flow at lower discount rates such as 15%.

Acceptance Criteria of a Project based on NPV

Simplest Approach – If the investment project of Lakkard Son has a NPV value higher than Zero then finance managers at Lakkard Son can ACCEPT the project, otherwise they can reject the project. This means that project will deliver higher returns over the period of time than any alternate investment strategy.

In theory if the required rate of return or discount rate is chosen correctly by finance managers at Lakkard Son, then the stock price of the Lakkard Son should change by same amount of the NPV. In real world we know that share price also reflects various other factors that can be related to both macro and micro environment.

In the same vein – accepting the project with zero NPV should result in stagnant share price. Finance managers use discount rates as a measure of risk components in the project execution process.

Sensitivity Analysis

Project selection is often a far more complex decision than just choosing it based on the NPV number. Finance managers at Lakkard Son should conduct a sensitivity analysis to better understand not only the inherent risk of the projects but also how those risks can be either factored in or mitigated during the project execution. Sensitivity analysis helps in –

What will be a multi year spillover effect of various taxation regulations.

Understanding of risks involved in the project.

What can impact the cash flow of the project.

What are the uncertainties surrounding the project Initial Cash Outlay (ICO’s). ICO’s often have several different components such as land, machinery, building, and other equipment.

What are the key aspects of the projects that need to be monitored, refined, and retuned for continuous delivery of projected cash flows.

Some of the assumptions while using the Discounted Cash Flow Methods –

Projects are assumed to be Mutually Exclusive – This is seldom the came in modern day giant organizations where projects are often inter-related and rejecting a project solely based on NPV can result in sunk cost from a related project.

Independent projects have independent cash flows – As explained in the marketing project – though the project may look independent but in reality it is not as the brand awareness project can be closely associated with the spending on sales promotions and product specific advertising.

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Negotiation Strategy of Conflict Over Leadership and Succession in a Successful Family Business: The Lakkard Leather Company

References & Further Readings

Simon Parker, Matthias Tietz (2018), "Conflict Over Leadership and Succession in a Successful Family Business: The Lakkard Leather Company Harvard Business Review Case Study. Published by HBR Publications.